Oxalate Content of Tropical Forage Grasses

García-Rivera, J.; Morris, M. P.

doi:10.1126/science.122.3179.1089

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Traditionally, a CTA occurs by pairing a taste cue with an illness-inducing agent such as LiCl or x-radiation (Garcia, Kimmeldorf, & Koelling, 1955; Nachman, 1963; Smith, 1971). Unlike sweets and drugs of abuse, evidence suggests that LiCl is highly and uniformly aversive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral lesions of the thalamic trigeminal orosensory area dissociate natural from drug reward in contrast paradigms.

Nyland¹,

Alexander²,

Liang³

et al. 2012

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Substance abuse and addiction are associated with an apparent devaluation of, and inattention to, natural rewards. This consequence of addiction can be modeled using a reward comparison paradigm where rats avoid intake of a palatable taste cue that comes to predict access to a drug of abuse. Evidence suggests rats avoid intake following such pairings, at least in part, because the taste cue pales in comparison to the highly rewarding drug expected in the near future. In accordance, lesions of the gustatory thalamus or cortex eliminate avoidance of a taste cue when paired with either a drug of abuse or a rewarding sucrose solution, but not when paired with the aversive agent, LiCl. The present study used bilateral ibotenic acid lesions to evaluate the role of a neighboring thalamic structure, the trigeminal orosensory area (TOA), in avoidance of a gustatory cue when paired with sucrose (Experiment 1), morphine (Experiment 2), cocaine (Experiment 3), or LiCl (Experiment 4). The results show that the TOA lesion disrupts, but does not eliminate avoidance of a taste cue that predicts access to a preferred sucrose solution and leaves intact the development of a LiCl-induced conditioned taste aversion. The lesion does, however, eliminate the suppression of intake of a taste cue when paired with experimenter administered morphine or cocaine using our standard parameters. As such, this is the first manipulation found to dissociate avoidance of a taste cue when mediated by a sweet or by a drug of abuse.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral lesions of the thalamic trigeminal orosensory area dissociate natural from drug reward in contrast paradigms.

Nyland¹,

Alexander²,

Liang³

et al. 2012

Behavioral Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The procedural definitions have been based on structural ordering of events related to behavior, but these purely behavioral definitions can be (and have been) greatly improved with biological data (Fox, 2018). In a classic example, biobehavioral data have shown that respondent processes in food aversion are enduring and do not require immediate pairing (Garcia, Kimeldorf, & Koelling, 1955). Biological sources of information can inform the discussion as to whether theoretically it is worthwhile to consider conditioning separate or interlocking processes (Stein, 1997).…”

Section: Operant Respondingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Research with Planaria

Deochand

Costello

2018

Perspect Behav Sci

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This article serves as a brief primer on planaria for behavior scientists. In the 1950s and 1960s, McConnell's planarian laboratory posited that conditioned behavior could transfer after regeneration, and through cannibalization of trained planaria. These studies, the responses, and replications have been collectively referred to as the "planarian controversy." Successful behavioral assays still require refinement with this organism, but they could add valuable insight into our conceptualization of memory and learning. We discuss how the planarian's distinctive biology enables an examination of biobehavioral interaction models, and what behavior scientists must consider if they are to advance behavioral research with this organism. Suggestions for academics interested in building planaria learning laboratories are offered.

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“…Without any rare events for the mixed gambles used in this study, one possible prediction is that people will be more sensitive to extreme outcomes when they are learning the likelihood of an event from experience. For example, taste aversion research has shown that animals can learn associations between extreme outcomes and the causal events, even with sparse exposures and longer gaps between the causal event and its effects (Garcia, Kimeldorf, & Koelling, 1955). The peak-and-end rule also implies that peak intensity influences people's judgments on experienced events (Fredrickson, 2000).…”

Section: Overall Probability Of Winning Heuristicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Decision Strategies Across Description‐based and Experience‐based Decision Making

Yoon

Venkatraman

2017

Behavioral Decision Making

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Individuals are known to make systematically different decisions when the probabilities in risky choice problems are described or experienced. This difference, known as the description–experience gap, has been reliably replicated across several studies using binary choice gambles. Yet little is known whether these differences exist in more complex gambles in the absence of rare outcomes, and whether they are associated with systematic differences in the use of decision heuristics and strategies across formats. Using three‐outcome mixed gambles, we found that participants showed a strong preference for alternatives that maximized the overall probability of winning when such an option was available in the description condition, and chose more randomly otherwise. In the experience condition, preferences were more homogenous across trials types, with participants choosing the alternative with extreme values more often relative to the description condition. However, when we controlled for the experienced outcomes, both natural mean heuristic (choosing the alternative with highest sampled mean or expected value) and overall probability of winning heuristic reliably predicted choice on each trial. In fact, expected value was the strongest predictor of preferences in a conditional logistic regression model that included extreme values, expected value, and overall probability of winning variables simultaneously. Yet expected value did not predict preferences in decisions from description. Together, these findings provide evidence for an explicit dissociation in decision strategies across description and experience formats. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Oxalate Content of Tropical Forage Grasses

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Bilateral lesions of the thalamic trigeminal orosensory area dissociate natural from drug reward in contrast paradigms.

Bilateral lesions of the thalamic trigeminal orosensory area dissociate natural from drug reward in contrast paradigms.

Behavioral Research with Planaria

Variability in Decision Strategies Across Description‐based and Experience‐based Decision Making

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