Behavioral Research with Planaria

Deochand, Neil; Costello, Mack S.

doi:10.1007/s40614-018-00176-w

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…For example, Perspectives on Behavior Science allows authors to archive online material (Hantula, 2016a(Hantula, , 2016b, including data protocols and software. Recent issues have included shared software (Bullock, Fisher, & Hagopian, 2017;Kaplan, Gilroy & Hursh, 2018) and video (Deochand, Costello, & Deochand, 2018). Other examples include publications that share software and protocols on public access platforms such as GitHub (e.g., Gilroy, Franck, & Hantula, 2017;Gilroy, Kaplan, Reed, Koffarnus, & Hantula, 2018).…”

Section: Encourage Open Sharing Of Research Protocols Software and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication Research, Publication Bias, and Applied Behavior Analysis

Tincani

Travers

2019

Perspect Behav Sci

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The "replication crisis" describes recent difficulties in replicating studies in various scientific fields, most notably psychology. The available evidence primarily documents replication failures for group research designs. However, we argue that contingencies of publication bias that led to the "replication crisis" also operate on applied behavior analysis (ABA) researchers who use single-case research designs (SCRD). This bias strongly favors publication of SCRD studies that show strong experimental effect, and disfavors publication of studies that show less robust effect. The resulting research literature may unjustifiably inflate confidence about intervention effects, limit researchers' ability to delineate intervention boundary conditions, and diminish the credibility of our science. To counter problems of publication bias in ABA, we recommend that journals that publish SCRD research establish journal standards for publication of noneffect studies; that our research community adopt open sharing of SCRD protocols and data; and that members of our community routinely publish systematic literature reviews that include gray (i.e., unpublished) research.

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Section: Encourage Open Sharing Of Research Protocols Software and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication Research, Publication Bias, and Applied Behavior Analysis

Tincani

Travers

2019

Perspect Behav Sci

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“…PoBS has implemented these practices over the past few years and the options chosen by authors of articles in PoBS illustrate many of the choices available. For example, Springer can archive online supplementary material such as code (Bullock, Fisher, & Hagopian, 2017) and video (Deochand, Costello, & Deochand, 2018); materials may be archived in a university library (Kaplan et al, 2016) or on a public platform such as GitHub (Kaplan et al, 2019). It is readily recognized that using these kinds of repositories is a novel behavior for many behavior scientists and behavior analysts.…”

Section: Availability Of Data Protocols Code and Other Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Behavior Science for the Public Welfare

Hantula

2019

Perspect Behav Sci

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Near the end of the Second World War, U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt commissioned Vannevar Bush, a leading scientist and engineer of the 20 th century who directed U.S. government research during the War, to write a report on the future of postwar science and science policy in the United States. The report, Science-The Endless Frontier (Bush, 1945), made bold and sweeping recommendations that set the stage for the current model of federal funding of scientific research, government investment in training and supporting future scientists, and the founding the National Science Foundation. The report not only introduced the term "basic research" into common parlance, it also expanded the definition to refer to both addressing the demands for practical innovations and to promoting scientific curiosity (Pielke, 2010). Bush (1945) asserted that scientific progress was essential to public welfare in the postwar world. Indeed, in the third chapter of the report, "Science for the Public Welfare" he asserted: Basic research leads to new knowledge. It provides scientific capital. It creates the fund from which the practical applications of knowledge must be drawn. New products and new processes do not appear full-grown. They are founded on new principles and new conceptions, which in turn are painstakingly developed by research in the purest realms of science. Bush regarded basic research that informed national defense, employment, developing new products, and science education as contributing to the public welfare. He advocated for a basic research model that simultaneously satisfied the quests for exploration and held implications for application. This view anticipated the societal demands on

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“…This is due to the high concentration of stem cells, around 25%, which are pluripotent neoblasts (Hammoudi et al, 2018). Once a worm is divided into two or more sections, each section develops into an independent organism but remains as a genetic clone (Deochand et al, 2018). Planaria have a very high regenerative capacity including their nervous system development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, controversies surround the memory transfer in planaria through cannibalism. These experiments were predominantly conducted by McConnell (1962) but were written off as myths and forgotten (Deochand et al, 2018). A few years later, another study suggested that memory could be transferred interspecifically when a wild planaria consumed a conditioned one (Ragland & Ragland, 1965).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few years later, another study suggested that memory could be transferred interspecifically when a wild planaria consumed a conditioned one (Ragland & Ragland, 1965). Recent molecular experiments examining RNA interference support the idea of memory being transferred through cannibalism (Deochand et al, 2018). A research question yet to be validated is whether the memory stored in each genetic clone of planaria is identical after decapitation since one segment will contain the brain and the other will not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addiction-Related Memory Transfer and Retention in Planaria

Samuel¹,

Suviseshamuthu

Fichera³

2021

Preprint

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Memory retention and transfer in organisms happen at either the neural or genetic level. In humans, addictive behavior is known to pass from parents to offspring. In flatworm planaria (Dugesia tigrina), memory transfer has been claimed to be horizontal, i.e., through cannibalism. Our study is a preliminary step to understand the mechanisms underlying the transfer of addictive behavior to offspring. Since the neural and neurochemical responses of planaria share similarities with humans, it is possible to induce addictions and get predictable behavioral responses. Addiction can be induced in planaria, and decapitation will reveal if the addictive memories are solely stored in the brain. The primary objective was to test the hypothesis that addictive memory is also retained in the brainless posterior region of planaria. The surface preference of the planaria was first determined between smooth and rough surfaces. Through Pavlovian conditioning, the preferred surface was paired with water and the unpreferred surface with sucrose. After the planaria were trained and addicted, their surface preference shifted as a conditioned place preference (CPP) was established. When decapitated, the regenerated segment from the anterior part containing the brain retained the addiction, thus maintaining a shift in the surface preference. Importantly, we observed that the posterior part preserved this CPP as well, suggesting that memory retention is not attributed exclusively to the brain but might also occur at the genetic level. As a secondary objective, the effects of neurotransmitter blocking agents in preventing addiction were studied by administering a D1 dopamine antagonist to planaria, which could provide pointers to treat addictions in humans.

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Behavioral Research with Planaria

Cited by 15 publications

References 91 publications

Replication Research, Publication Bias, and Applied Behavior Analysis

Replication Research, Publication Bias, and Applied Behavior Analysis

Editorial: Behavior Science for the Public Welfare

Addiction-Related Memory Transfer and Retention in Planaria

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