Ovulation detection methods for urinary hormones: precision, daily and intermittent sampling and a combined hierarchical method

O’Connor, Kathleen; Brindle, Eleanor; Miller, Rebecca; Shofer, Jane B.; Ferrell, Rebecca J.; Klein, Nathan; Soules, Michael R.; Holman, Darryl J.; Mansfield, Phyllis Kernoff; Wood, James W.

doi:10.1093/humrep/dei497

Cited by 61 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to conduct randomized controlled studies in a prospective manner, which should also evaluate the above-mentioned factors. Intravaginal -----------------------------------100 or 200 mg 300 or 600 mg (daily) (14 ) (15-26) Intramuscular -----------------------------------50 mg 100 mg (daily) (14 ) (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) …”

Section: Which Methods Is Preferable?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least one measurement, and preferably two measurements, has to be performed daily in order to accurately determine the LH surge. The threshold values of urine LH kits are highly variable, corresponding to an approximately 30% risk of a false-negative result; furthermore, patients state that it is hard to interpret the test results (16). In order to avoid the difficulties of LH follow-ups, ovulation is frequently triggered by the administration of hCG during natural cycles; this is called the modified natural cycle.…”

Section: Embryo Transfer In a Natural (Spontaneous) Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods for endometrial preparation in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles

Kalem

Gürgan

2016

J Turkish German Gynecol Assoc

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Review 168 IntroductionFrozen-thawed (FT) embryo transfer is a procedure used for the storage and transfer of excess embryos obtained during in vitro fertilization (IVF)-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. In recent years, improvements in laboratory conditions and limitations on the number of embryos to be transferred have led to a progressive increase in FT embryo transfer cycles. Another preferred practice to prevent multiple pregnancies in IVF cycles is to transfer a single embryo and freeze all surplus embryos (1). However, the best solution for endometrial preparation in these cycles is still a matter of debate (2). Frozen-thawed embryo transfer prevents embryo waste and increases the probability of pregnancy in a single stimulated cycle. Protocols applied in FT cycles aim for endometrial preparation only and are therefore simpler than complicated protocols that aim to develop many follicles. As the treatment for subfertility increases, so does the importance of FT embryo transfer; however, there is no consensus about which method is the best (3, 4). Pregnancy rates following FT embryo transfer have been found to be higher than those following fresh embryo transfer (5). Further, FT embryo transfer increases the cumulative pregnancy rate and decreases the cost; in addition, it is easy to perform and can be applied in a shorter time duration when compared to repetitive fresh embryo transfers (5). Using frozen excess embryos obtained as a result of the time-totime implementation of in vitro maturation (IVM) in patients with polycystic ovaries, successful pregnancies have been achieved (6). Therefore, studies have concentrated on factors affecting the success rate of FT embryo transfer cycles.Various cycle protocols are used for the preparation of the endometrium in an FT embryo transfer cycle. In one of these procedures, the transfer time is determined either by the natural course of a cycle [i.e., in an ovulatory patient exhibiting a natural (spontaneous) cycle] or by inducing ovulation during the course of a natural cycle. The second procedure involves the artificial preparation of the endometrium through the administration of exogenous estrogen and progesterone, which can be performed with or without the association of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. In the third procedure, the cycle is stimulated by gonadotropins and ovulation is induced by recombinant-human chorionic gonadotropin (rHcg) or hCG; however, this practice is no longer applied (7,8). Embryo transfer in a natural (spontaneous) cycleBoth embryo and endometrial development have to be synchronized in FT embryo transfer cycles in order to maximize the pregnancy rate (9). This synchronization can be achieved in several ways. The easiest is the endocrinological preparation of the endometrium during the natural cycle using the patient's own follicular sex steroids. In this application, the timing for embryo transfer (ET) is determined by either investigating the spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge or by the administration o...

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Section: Which Methods Is Preferable?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Embryo Transfer In a Natural (Spontaneous) Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for endometrial preparation in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles

Kalem

Gürgan

2016

J Turkish German Gynecol Assoc

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“…Three methods have been discussed and proposed in scientific literature: oestrone-3-glucuronide (E1G), pregnanediol-3a-glucuronide (PDG) and luteinizing hormone (LH) [12,13]. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of salivary estrogen levels for detecting the fertile period

Bauer

Hedderich

Mettler

et al. 2015

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductiv

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“…After initiation of estrus, urinary pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PDG) was measured once daily to confirm ovulation. Urinary E 1 C and PDG were measured by enzyme immunoassay [7].Semen collection: Under general anesthesia, semen was collected from the male using the electrical stimulation method [12]. Anesthesia was induced using diazepam (HORIZON ® , 0.2 mg/kg/im; Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and ketamine hydrochloride (KET-ALAR ® 50, 8.0 mg/kg/im; Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and was maintained by inhalation of isoflurane (ISOFLU ® , Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After initiation of estrus, urinary pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PDG) was measured once daily to confirm ovulation. Urinary E 1 C and PDG were measured by enzyme immunoassay [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Trial of Intrauterine Insemination Using a Fiberscope in the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

Hori

Hashizaki

Narushima

et al. 2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. An intrauterine insemination technique using a fiberscope was investigated in the giant panda. A septal wall was present about 5 cm from the vulva, the external urethral orifice was present in the ventral region, and the entrance (pseudocervix) to the vagina was present in the dorsal region. The uterovaginal region protruded in the dorsal region about 15 cm from the pseudocervix. The external uterine orifice was present in the uterovaginal region, revealing that intrauterine insemination can be easily performed. This technique may greatly contribute to artificial reproduction of the giant panda. KEY WORDS: fiberscope, giant panda, intrauterine insemination.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 68(9): 987-990, 2006 The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca: G. panda) is an endangered species, and many efforts are being made to conserve this animal. Ueno Zoo (Tokyo, Japan) started a raising and reproduction program for G. pandas in 1972, and 3 births were obtained by AI in 1985AI in , 1986AI in , and 1988. All were obtained by intravaginal insemination using bovine insemination equipment. However, no conceptions have been achieved since then.Artificial insemination (AI) is divided into intrauterine and intravaginal based on the site of semen infusion, and the number of sperm required to obtain conception by these methods is markedly different. For example, in beagles, 2 × 10 8 sperms are required for intravaginal insemination, but only 1/10 of this, or 2 × 10 7 sperms, is required for intrauterine insemination [14]. The number of sperm required for intrauterine insemination is 1/5 of that required for intravaginal insemination in cats [11,13]. In frozen semen, sperm motility markedly decreases and survival time shortens after thawing [8][9][10]. For efficient usage of sperm in an endangered species, establishment of an effective intrauterine insemination technique is urgently needed.There is very little information on the intravaginal structure of living G. pandas. A narrow region is present about 5 cm from the vulva, and the vagina is located in the inner part, but it cannot be visually confirmed because of the body shape of the animal. Development of intrauterine insemination using a laparoscope is underway for animals in which transvaginal intrauterine insemination is not applicable [4]. However, this method requires an incision in the abdominal wall and takes time for insemination. Thus, development of a non-invasive intrauterine insemination technique is necessary for rare animals including the G. panda.The objective of this study was to clarify the fiberscopic anatomical characteristics of the vaginal cavity, which is the region from the vulva to the external uterine orifice, and investigate the development of a transvaginal intrauterine insemination technique using a fiberscope for efficient usage of G. panda sperm.Animals: A female G. panda that had been maintained in Mexico (Chpultepec Zoo) was transferred to Ueno Zoo for AI. The animal was 16 years of age, and 130 kg in weight. Semen was collected from a 19-yea...

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Ovulation detection methods for urinary hormones: precision, daily and intermittent sampling and a combined hierarchical method

Cited by 61 publications

References 27 publications

Methods for endometrial preparation in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles

Methods for endometrial preparation in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles

Changes of salivary estrogen levels for detecting the fertile period

A Trial of Intrauterine Insemination Using a Fiberscope in the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

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