Changes of salivary estrogen levels for detecting the fertile period

Bauer, Iris; Hedderich, Jürgen; Mettler, Liselotte; Schubert, Martin; Mackelenbergh, Marion van; Maass, Nicolaì; Alkatout, İbrahim

doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.08.007

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It was later reported that salivary ferning can be detected in postmenopausal, pregnant, prepubertal women, and even in men. In women with regular menstruation, salivary ferning predicted ovulation with a sensitivity of only 53% correlated to ultrasonography and serum LH . Guida et al compared several methods to ultrasonography‐detected ovulation and found that positive salivary ferning test correlated to −1 to +1 days of actual ovulation in 42% of cases.…”

Section: Conventional Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In women with regular menstruation, salivary ferning predicted ovulation with a sensitivity of only 53% correlated to ultrasonography and serum LH. 48,49 Guida et al compared several methods to ultrasonographydetected ovulation and found that positive salivary ferning test correlated to 21 to 11 days of actual ovulation in 42% of cases. However, a high percentage of uninterpretable patterns (58.7%) was reported.…”

Section: Salivary Ferning and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of ovulation, a review of currently available methods

Wei

et al. 2017

Bioengineering & Transla Med

144

111

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The ability to identify the precise time of ovulation is important for women who want to plan conception or practice contraception. Here, we review the current literature on various methods for detecting ovulation including a review of point‐of‐care device technology. We incorporate an examination of methods to detect ovulation that have been developed and practiced for decades and analyze the indications and limitations of each—transvaginal ultrasonography, urinary luteinizing hormone detection, serum progesterone and urinary pregnanediol 3‐glucuronide detection, urinary follicular stimulating hormone detection, basal body temperature monitoring, and cervical mucus and salivary ferning analysis. Some point‐of‐care ovulation detection devices have been developed and commercialized based on these methods, however previous research was limited by small sample size and an inconsistent standard reference to true ovulation.

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Section: Conventional Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Salivary Ferning and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of ovulation, a review of currently available methods

Wei

et al. 2017

Bioengineering & Transla Med

144

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, the ferning test may be more reliable in patients that have false positive responses to the urine LH kit, such as those women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and elevated LH levels. Currently, salivary ferning tests are carried out using a drop of sublingual saliva sample placed on the glass slide, which is then dried and manually tested for ferning structures 35 . Manual testing is highly subjective and can lead to misinterpretation of the results by lay users.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inexpensive smartphone-based device for point-of-care ovulation testing

et al. 2019

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The ability to accurately predict ovulation at-home using low-cost point-of-care diagnostics can be of significant help for couples who prefer natural family planning. Detecting ovulation-specific hormones in urine samples and monitoring basal body temperature are the current commonly home-based methods used for ovulation detection; however, these methods, relatively, are expensive for prolonged use and the results are difficult to comprehend. Here, we report a smartphone-based point-of-care device for automated ovulation testing using artificial intelligence (AI) by detecting fern patterns in a small volume (<100μL) of saliva that is air-dried on a microfluidic device. We evaluated the performance of the device using artificial saliva and human saliva samples and observed that the device showed >99% accuracy in effectively predicting ovulation.

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“…Ferning is a crystal-like pattern which indicates a fertile period, whereas simple dot patterns and lines indicate no ovulation. Thus, changes in saliva caused by increased estrogen levels can be used to detect ovulation and maximize the likelihood of conception [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Interleukin-18 in Serum and Follicular Fluid during In Vitro Fertilization and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Alkatout

Fuhs²,

Salmassi

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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Cytokines are key modulators of the immune system and play an important role in the ovarian cycle. IL-18 levels in serum and follicular fluid were analyzed in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. The cohort study group consisted of 90 women, who were undergoing IVF or ICSI. The body mass index (BMI) was determined in all patients; IL-18 levels were measured in follicular fluid and serum. IL-18 levels in serum were significantly higher than those in follicular fluid. The median level in serum was 162.75 (80.21) pg/mL and that in follicular fluid, 138.24 (91.78) pg/mL. Women undergoing IVF treatment had lower IL-18 levels in serum (median, 151.19 (90.73) pg/mL) than those treated with ICSI (median, 163.57 (89.97) pg/mL). The correlation between IL-18 levels in serum and BMI was statistically significant, as well as the correlation between IL-18 levels in follicular fluid and ovarian stimulation response (p = 0.003). IL-18 was correlated with the response to ovarian stimulation and was the reason for successful pregnancy after IVF or ICSI treatment. Among other cytokines, IL-18 appears to be a promising prognostic marker of success in reproductive treatment and should be evaluated as such in further prospective studies.

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Changes of salivary estrogen levels for detecting the fertile period

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Detection of ovulation, a review of currently available methods

Detection of ovulation, a review of currently available methods

An inexpensive smartphone-based device for point-of-care ovulation testing

The Role of Interleukin-18 in Serum and Follicular Fluid during In Vitro Fertilization and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

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