Oviposition and development potential of the spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), on uninjured Campbell Early grape

Abstract

The spotted‐wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), originally distributed across a few Asian countries including South Korea, has invaded North America and Europe but is absent from Australia. In order to export the South Korean grape cultivar Campbell Early to Australia, its potential to serve as an oviposition and development medium for SWD must first be determined. In this study, we determined the oviposition and development potential of SWD on Campbell Early, after elucidating the SWD life cycle and establishing an artificial diet‐based mass‐culturing system. An investigation of the life cycle under five temperature regimes (16, 19, 22, 25 and 28°C) showed that the durations of the egg, larval and adult stages were shortened when temperature was increased from 16, 19, 22, 25 and 28°C, but pupal duration was shortest at 25°C and extended again at 28°C. A test of oviposition and development potential of SWD on Campbell Early grape clusters showed oviposition of 30.8 ± 6.8 eggs per cluster of injured grapes and 157.7 ± 16.2 eggs on a culture dish of artificial diet. However, in a similar experiment using uninjured grape clusters, only a single egg was deposited on the grape skin, which soon dried. In light of these results, newly harvested grapes left at vineyards during daily harvests are unlikely to serve as an oviposition and development medium for SWD, as long as the grapes remain uninjured.

Influences of blackberry margins on population dynamics of Drosophila suzukii and grape infestation in adjacent vineyards

“…In viticulture, the landscape is often characterized by small and compartmentalized parcels, which can be surrounded by different semi‐natural habitats (Klick et al, ; Pelton et al, ). Risk assessment for D. suzukii in viticulture has been started only recently, and the few studies investigating the susceptibility of Vitis vinifera L. varieties revealed contradicting results so far (Baser et al, ; Ioriatti et al, ; Kim et al, ; van Timmeren & Isaacs, ). The prevailing uncertainty about the risk of damage arising for wine production has resulted in management strategies mainly based on prophylactic use of broad‐spectrum insecticides, which are known to seriously impact non‐target organisms across trophic levels (Cini et al, ; Müller, ; van Timmeren & Isaacs, ).…”

Susceptibility of cold hardy grapes to Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

“…), one V. labrusca variety (Kim et al. ) and two V. rotundifolia varieties (Grant and Sial ). A study on undamaged V. vinifera wine grape varieties found oviposition rates were low (<0.8 eggs/grape) and of eggs laid, only 0%–9% developed past the egg stage (Lee et al.…”

Developmental inhibition of Drosophila suzukii by ionizing radiation

“…The puparial period of SWD has been reported to be 4.2 days at 25°C and 5.3 days at 28°C in a Korean population (Kim et al . ), which does not differ from that of our laboratory colony (data not shown). In the present study, the puparia tested were 2 days old (after pupariation).…”

“…Eggs, larvae, and pupae of SWD have been found in harvested grapes (Kim et al . ); therefore, these three developmental stages of SWD should be considered for phytosanitary treatment. In the present study, the ED 99 for preventing adult emergence were the highest at the pupal stage.…”

“…According to the Phytosanitary Treatment Regulation Notice 2014-35, the Republic of Korea, the most tolerant developmental stage for adult emergence or adult sterility should be the target stage of ionizing radiation treatment. Eggs, larvae, and pupae of SWD have been found in harvested grapes (Kim et al 2015d); therefore, these three developmental stages of SWD should be considered for phytosanitary treatment. In the present study, the ED 99 for preventing adult emergence were the highest at the pupal stage.…”