Overwintering and Growing Season Dynamics of 
            Trifolium repens
             L. in Mixture with 
            Lolium perenne
             L.: A Model Approach to Plant-environment Interactions

Wachendorf, M.; Collins, R. P.; Elgersma, A.; Fothergill, M.; Frankow‐Lindberg, B. E.; Ghesquiere, An; Guckert, A.; Guinchard, M.P.; Helgadóttir, Á.; Lüscher, A.; Nolan, T.; Nykänen-Kurki, P.; Nösberger, J.; Parente, G.; Puzio, S.; Rhodes, I.; Robin, C.; Ryan, A.; Stäheli, B.; Stoffel, S.; Taube, F.; Connolly, J.

doi:10.1093/annbot/88.suppl_1.683

Cited by 20 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…The reductions in growing point density and growing points per unit stolon length, and also to a lesser extent in stolon densities of white clover, in our study could have been associated with differences in temperature, rainfall and sunlight hours between the years in the study (Hutchinson et al, 1995;Nolan et al, 2001;Wachendorf et al, 2001). An exhaustive statistical analysis of these variables showed that there were no relationships between these weather variables and the white clover population variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

The implications of controlling grazed sward height for the operation and productivity of upland sheep systems in the UK: 7. Sustainability of white clover in grass/clover swards with reduced levels of fertilizer nitrogen

Sibbald¹,

Marriott²,

Agnew³

et al. 2004

Grass and Forage Science

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The sustainability of white clover in grass/clover swards of an upland sheep system, which included silage making, was studied over 5 years for four nitrogen fertilizer rates [0 (N 0 ), 50 (N 50 ), 100 (N 100 ) and 150 (N 150 ) kg N ha )1 ]. A common stocking rate of 6 ewes ha )1 was used at all rates of N fertilizer with additional stocking rates at the N 0 fertilizer rate of 4 ewes ha )1 and at the N 150 fertilizer rate of 10 ewes ha )1 . Grazed sward height was controlled, for ewes with their lambs, from spring until weaning in late summer by adjusting the proportions of the total area to be grazed in response to changes in herbage growth; surplus pasture areas were harvested for silage. Thereafter sward height was controlled on separate areas for ewes and weaned lambs. Areas of pasture continuously grazed in one year were used to make silage in the next year. For treatments N 0 and N 150 , white clover stolon densities (s.e.m.) were 7670 (205AE4) and 2296 (99AE8) cm m )2 , growing point densities were 4459 (148AE9) and 1584 (76AE0) m )2 and growing point densities per unit length of stolon were 0AE71 (0AE015) and 0AE67 (0AE026) cm )1 respectively, while grass tiller densities were 13 765 (209AE1) and 18 825 (269AE9) m )2 for treatments N 0 and N 150 respectively. White clover stolon density increased over the first year from 780 (91AE7) cm m )2 and was maintained thereafter until year 5, reaching 8234 (814AE3) and 2787 (570AE8) cm m )2 for treatments N 0 and N 150 respectively. Growing point density of white clover increased on treatment N 0 from 705 (123AE1) m )2 to 2734 (260AE7) m )2 in year 5 and it returned to the initial level on treatment N 150 having peaked in the intermediate years. Stolon density of white clover was maintained when the management involved the annual interchange of continuously grazed and ensiled areas. The non-grazing period during ensiling reduced grass tiller density during the late spring and summer, when white clover has the most competitive advantage in relation to grass. The increase in stolon length of white clover in this period appears to compensate for the loss of stolon during periods when the sward is grazed and over winter when white clover is at a competitive disadvantage in relation to grass. The implications for the management of sheep systems and the sustainability of white clover are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

The implications of controlling grazed sward height for the operation and productivity of upland sheep systems in the UK: 7. Sustainability of white clover in grass/clover swards with reduced levels of fertilizer nitrogen

Sibbald¹,

Marriott²,

Agnew³

et al. 2004

Grass and Forage Science

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“…Pasture productivity and persistence is reduced by low air humidity and periods of cold (Wachendorf et al, 2001b) as a consequence of morphological and physiological changes during acclimation to winter cold Wachendorf et al, 2001b). Perennial ryegrass spring regrowth starts before white clover at lower temperatures, which delays and depresses clover growth because the stolons are located close to the soil surface or are buried at the end of the winter (Collins et al, 1991;Wachendorf et al, 2001a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rapid early spring growth habits of perennial ryegrass also reduce light quality at the soil level where white clover stolons and growing points are located. At low levels of radiation, the stolon axillary buds remain latent or die and fewer secondary stolons and growing points appear (Teuber and Laidlaw, 1996;Wachendorf et al, 2001b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants that lose stolons and produce fewer growing points after a cold period are more cold stress sensitive, whereas plants with higher growing point density in late autumn and early spring more cold stress resistant. According to Harris et al (1983) and Collins et al (1991), the latter type of morphophysiological adaptation favors early spring clover regrowth and the appearance and development of new stolons, which also improves if the leaf area intercepts sufficient radiation for growth (Wachendorf et al, 2001a(Wachendorf et al, , 2001b.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonstructural carbohydrates, N reserves, and amino acids like proline and arginine are considered cryopreservers related to white clover cold stress resistance (Svenning et al, 1997;Frankow-Lindberg, 2001;Wachendorf et al, 2001aWachendorf et al, , 2001b. Cold-stress-resistant white clover cultivars acclimate to winter with higher concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates and saccharose, and twice the proline content of cold-stress-sensitive cultivars.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic Variation of Cold Stress Resistance‐Related Traits of White Clover Populations Naturalized in Patagonian Cold Environments

2018

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White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is the main forage legume species in grazing pastures in central, central‐southern, and southern regions of Chile and many other temperate regions of the world. The selection of cold stress resistance genotypes is an important step for breeding cultivars to improve the clover growth curve and extend the grazing season in early spring and autumn. The objective of this work was to phenotypically characterize a population of 192 white clover genotypes selected for cold stress resistance under three contrasting regional winter‐cold conditions (mean daily minimum air temperatures of 2.5, 1.6, and −1.4°C) during the coldest month. An α‐lattice experimental field design was used, with 24 incomplete blocks and two replicates. Morphological, physiological and biochemical traits were evaluated at different dates over three growing seasons from 2013 to 2016. A high degree of variability was found among the genotypes for all the characteristics studied. There was no effect of environment when the experimental sites were considered as a source of variation, but comparison of measurements taken at dates separated by a winter showed that there was a decrease in stolon length and diameter, petiole length, leaflet size, and dry matter accumulation in response to cold conditions. The normalized difference and medium resolution imaging spectrometer terrestrial chlorophyll vegetation indices (NDVI and MTCI, respectively) and water‐soluble carbohydrate concentrations in stolons also varied among genotypes and were affected by winter cold. The high degree of phenotypic variability allows for the use of this population as a genetic source for cold stress resistance in white clover.

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Mixed Grazing and Climatic Determinants of White Clover (Trifolium repens L.) Content in a Permanent Pasture

2001

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The effects of grazing regime (cattle, sheep and mixed cattle + sheep) on white clover content (clover dry matter as a percentage of total dry matter) were measured in a permanent pasture over a 7 year period in the west of Ireland (53°17'N 847'E). Rotational grazing was simulated by grazing for short intense periods of 3 4 d at 3 to 5 week intervals. In general, cattle grazing resulted in higher clover content (13-5 %) compared with mixed (9.5 %) or sheep (4-9 %) grazing. The ranking of clover contents (cattle > mixed > sheep) which developed rapidly in 1990 persisted until 1996. Clover contents under mixed grazing tracked those under cattle grazing during the first 4 years, and sheep grazing during the final 3 years. Within-year relativities in clover content among grazing regimes that existed at the start of the grazing season persisted throughout the year. There was an indication that differences in clover content between grazing regimes at the end of grazing persisted until the following spring. A regression analysis of clover content in each grazing period showed strong effects of grazing regime, generally positive relationships with mean air temperature in the period and clover content in the preceding period, and an interaction between air temperature and clover content in the previous period. Implications for pasture management and experimentation are discussed.

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Overwintering and Growing Season Dynamics of Trifolium repens L. in Mixture with Lolium perenne L.: A Model Approach to Plant-environment Interactions

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

The implications of controlling grazed sward height for the operation and productivity of upland sheep systems in the UK: 7. Sustainability of white clover in grass/clover swards with reduced levels of fertilizer nitrogen

The implications of controlling grazed sward height for the operation and productivity of upland sheep systems in the UK: 7. Sustainability of white clover in grass/clover swards with reduced levels of fertilizer nitrogen

Phenotypic Variation of Cold Stress Resistance‐Related Traits of White Clover Populations Naturalized in Patagonian Cold Environments

Mixed Grazing and Climatic Determinants of White Clover (Trifolium repens L.) Content in a Permanent Pasture

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