Overviewing of weed management practices to reduce weed seed bank and to increase maize yield

Maqsood, Qaiser; Abbas, Rana Nadeem; Iqbal, Muhammad; Serap, Kizil A.; Iqbal, Asif; Sabagh, Ayman El

doi:10.1590/s0100-83582020380100075

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Globally, maize, (Zea mays L.) occupies a pivotal position among cereals in ensuring food security by virtue of its huge area under cultivation (197 m. ha) and production (1148 m.t.) [1,2]. It has the potential to adapt to a wide range of physiographic, soil, and climatic conditions [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar Potassium Sulfate Application Improved Photosynthetic Characteristics, Water Relations and Seedling Growth of Drought-Stressed Maize

et al. 2021

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Changing climates and frequent spells of drought have increased the risk of crop failure, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, thus multiplying the vulnerability of food-insecure populations. The exogenous application of potassium (K) can potentially ameliorate the adverse effects of drought in maize by maintaining cell osmotic potential and turgidity, provided its optimum doses are applied. The present experiment comprised two maize cultivars, viz. Islamabad Gold (drought tolerant) and Azam (drought susceptible), grown under well-watered (80% water-holding capacity (WHC)), mild drought (60% WHC) and severe drought (40% WHC) conditions. Different doses of K, viz. 0%, 1% and 2%, were also tested to screen out the most superior concentration. Drought stress markedly reduced root and shoot lengths (25% and 16%, respectively) along with their dry weights (20% and 10%, respectively). Moreover, a substantial reduction in leaf relative water content (RWC) (24%), stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis rates, chlorophyll pigments a, b and total chlorophyll contents (31%) were recorded, compared with well-watered conditions. However, foliar application of K2SO4 at 2% concentration outperformed other doses by improving growth attributes, RWC (10%), total chlorophyll (9%) and proline (12%) under severe drought conditions. Our findings confirmed the effectiveness of foliage-applied K2SO4 in ameliorating drought effects in rainfed maize; however, more doses and sources of K could be tested for developing it as a potent source to cope with water stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar Potassium Sulfate Application Improved Photosynthetic Characteristics, Water Relations and Seedling Growth of Drought-Stressed Maize

et al. 2021

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“…Weeds suppression effect owing to lesser available space available in cereallegumes intercropping system was increased by closely spaced row strips of companion crops [35]. In another study, weeds suppression up to 65% was reported in cereal-legumes intercropping under semi-arid conditions [2]. Moreover, intercropping of cereals with spreading types of legumes (cowpea, cluster bean etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For ensuring nutritional security on sustainable basis under changing climate, developing innovative farming systems for cereals are indispensable especially in Asian countries like Pakistan, India, Saudi Arabia, China and Bangladesh. These countries are confronting profound environmental degradation as evident through global warming and unpredictable variation in precipitation regimes which have adversely affected the farming systems across the continent [2]. The development of farming systems that are biologically viable, economically attractive, farmer friendly, technologically adoptable and environmentally sustainable are direly needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weeds Spectrum, Productivity and Land-Use Efficiency in Maize-Gram Intercropping Systems under Semi-Arid Environment

et al. 2021

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To ensure food security on sustainable basis, reducing weeds interference and boosting land use efficiency are critical. A field study was conducted at research farm of University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, to sort out the most productive maize-gram intercropping system under semi-arid environment. Treatments included sole maize in single row (60 cm apart) (T1) and double rows (90 cm apart) (T2) strips, sole black (T3) and green gram (T4) crops, six single rows (60 cm apart) of maize with twelve double rows (20 cm) of black (T5) and green gram (T6), three double rows (90 cm apart) of maize with three sets of quadratic rows (20 cm apart) of black (T7) and green gram (T8). The experiment was executed in regular arrangement of randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that T1 produced the highest grain yield (6.97 t ha−1) of maize and significantly lower weeds infestation compared to wider row spacing (T2). Among intercropping systems, T8 significantly decreased weeds density (16.33 plants m−2) and their fresh (20.93 g m−2) and dry weights (5.63 g m−2), while the maximum land use efficiency as indicated by unmatched land equivalent ratio and intercropping advantage were recorded by T7 and T8. Interestingly, green gram in intercropping recorded over 58% higher productivity than black gram. We conclude that maize-green gram intercropping hold potential to impart sustainability to maize production by reducing weeds infestation (431% lower than sole maize) and could be a viable option for smallholder farmers in semi-arid environment.

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“…If herbicides are consistently avoided for several years during mechanical weed control by hoeing, it is likely that the effectiveness of hoeing will decline further due to the increasing weed pressure. In order to successfully control weeds without herbicides over several years, holistic approaches are needed in addition to direct mechanical weed control, including long crop rotations, mulching, adapted tillage, optimized sowing operation, and the use of selected intercrops [3,[32][33][34][35][36]. However, hoeing is particularly suitable in an environment of social desire for more ecological agriculture, where there are increasing bans or restrictions on the use of herbicides and a lack of approval of new herbicidal active agents as a supplement to chemical crop protection, therefore providing an additional way of controlling weeds that became difficult to control chemically [18,25,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hoeing as a Possibility for Mechanical Weed Control in Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Schwabe

Gruber

Claupein

2022

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The framework conditions for chemical weed control in oilseed rape (OSR) are becoming increasingly unfavorable in Central Europe. On the one hand, weed resistance is spreading and, on the other, there is a growing social desire to reduce or eliminate the use of chemical crop protection products. In a field experiment, hoeing, as a weed control measure performed two times per growing season (one time in autumn and one time in spring) in oilseed rape (Brassica napus; two varieties), was compared to chemical control by herbicides and a combination of hoeing and herbicide application (five treatments altogether). The chemical control by herbicides consisted of a broad-spectrum pre-emergence treatment and a post-emergence graminicide application. The trial was set up in each of three periods (years 2014/2015, 2015/2016, and 2016/2017) at the experimental station Ihinger Hof, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. The effect of the treatments on weed plant density, weed biomass at the time of harvesting, and on OSR grain yield was investigated. Weed plant density was measured four times per trial year, each time before and after hoeing. In 2015/2016 after spring hoeing, and in 2016/2017 at all data collection times, weed plant density was significantly higher in hoeing without herbicide application than in the other variants. No significant differences occurred at the other data collection times. The weed plant density ranged from 0.5 to 57.8 plants m−2. Regardless of the trial year, pure hoeing always resulted in a significantly higher weed biomass at the time of harvesting than the herbicide applications or the combinations. The weed biomass at the time of harvesting ranged between 0.1 and 54.7 g m−2. No significant differences in grain yield between hoeing and herbicide application occurred in all three trial years. According to the results, hoeing is a suitable extension of existing integrated weed control strategies in OSR.

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Overviewing of weed management practices to reduce weed seed bank and to increase maize yield

Cited by 14 publications

References 73 publications

Foliar Potassium Sulfate Application Improved Photosynthetic Characteristics, Water Relations and Seedling Growth of Drought-Stressed Maize

Foliar Potassium Sulfate Application Improved Photosynthetic Characteristics, Water Relations and Seedling Growth of Drought-Stressed Maize

Weeds Spectrum, Productivity and Land-Use Efficiency in Maize-Gram Intercropping Systems under Semi-Arid Environment

Hoeing as a Possibility for Mechanical Weed Control in Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

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