Overview on Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells (DFAFCs) as an Energy Sources

Aslam, Norraihanah Mohamed; Masdar, Mohd Shahbudin; Kamarudin, S.K.; Daud, Wan Ramli Wan

doi:10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.06.042

Cited by 99 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The increasing interest in fuel cell in recent years makes FA to H 2 /CO 2 a popular topic , , but much less attention has been paid to FA reforming to CO/H 2 O. In our latest study, it is found that FA reforming takes place on the Brønsted acid site of metal oxide, and a commercial catalyst denoted as H‐ZSM‐5 55 displays highly attractive performance in terms of activity, selectivity, and stability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Closing the Gap in Formic Acid Reforming

et al. 2018

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Formic acid (FA) has the potential to become the renewable platform chemical in the future chemical industry. To achieve this potential, FA and its conversion processes should be competitive with the traditional platform chemicals and processes. A reaction kinetic study and a process conceptual design of FA reforming to CO are conducted. The optimized process is characteristic of high conversion, selectivity, and overall exergy efficiency, which outperforms the conventional steam methane reformer that is limited by its thermodynamic equilibrium and consequently displays lower overall exergy efficiency. CO generated from FA reforming can be used as the component of ‘renewable syngas' that seems to be attractive in consideration of some important industrial aspects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Closing the Gap in Formic Acid Reforming

et al. 2018

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“…Formic acid exhibits lower fuel crossover through the Nafion membrane, which allows the use at higher fuel concentration up to 20 M, compared with only 2 M in methanol [8,9]. The reduction of fuel crossover is caused by the repulsion between formate ions in formic acid and sulfuric group in the surface of Nafion membrane [10]. The main disadvantage of formic acid is its lower theoretical energy density (2086 W h l −1 ) than methanol (4690 W h l −1 ), although its power density is higher [4,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the main disadvantage is the low volumetric energy density, which can be remedied by the use of highconcentration formic acid feed. The electrooxidation of formic acid has been reported via dual pathway, direct pathway (dehydrogenation), and indirect pathway (dehydration) [6,10,13,14]. The electrode and cell reactions in the formic acid fuel cell occur as follows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the electrocatalytic activity for formic acid oxidation of bimetallic Ir–Zn nanoparticles decorated on graphene nanoplatelets

Azam

Isahak

Zainoodin

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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A graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-supported Ir-Zn catalyst (Ir-Zn/GNP) was fabricated by H 2 reduction to discover an alternative for non-platinum and non-palladium catalysts as an anode catalyst in direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). The obtained Ir-Zn/GNP catalyst with ratio of Ir: Zn=50:50 (Ir 50 Zn 50 /GNP) exhibited better electrocatalytic activity than GNP-supported iridium catalyst (Ir/GNP) for formic acid oxidation. Although the oxidation peak current density of Ir50Zn50/GNP was slightly lower than that of Ir/GNP, the oxidation peak potential shifted more negatively (193 mV) than Ir/GNP with higher value of the ratio of forward scan to reverse the scan peak current (If/Ib). The presence of Zn also enhanced the power density and current generation with increased performance stability in a passive DFAFC cell tests. The improvement of the electrochemical performance was ascribed to the ensemble effect where the addition of Zn could modify the Ir atom arrangement, thereby promoting the oxidation through dehydrogenation pathway. However, extremely high Zn content would inhibit oxidation capability because Zn atoms might reduce the Ir catalytic sites. A new alternative for non-Pt and non-Pd anode catalysts for DFAFC applications was successfully achieved.

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“…For example, HCOOH as a chemical can be used in the industry of printing, dyeing, medicine and textile [6] . HCOOH is also a medium for producing hydrogen [7] as a potential source for fuel cell [8][9][10] . The reported catalysts for the CO 2 -to-HCOOH conversion include Hg, In, Pd, Sn, Bi, Cd, Tl, Co 3 O 4 and SnO 2 [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical CO2 reduction over nitrogen-doped SnO2 crystal surfaces

Zhang

Liu

Wei

et al. 2019

Journal of Energy Chemistry

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a b s t r a c tCrystal planes of a catalyst play crucial role in determining the electrocatalytic performance for CO 2 reduction. The catalyst SnO 2 can convert CO 2 molecules into valuable formic acid (HCOOH). Incorporating heteroatom N into SnO 2 further improves its catalytic activity. To understand the mechanism and realize a highly efficient CO 2 -to-HCOOH conversion, we used density functional theory (DFT) to calculate the free energy of CO 2 reduction reactions (CO 2 RR) on different crystal planes of N-doped SnO 2 (N-SnO 2 ). The results indicate that N-SnO 2 lowered the activation energy of intermediates leading to a better catalytic performance than pure SnO 2 . We also discovered that the N-SnO 2 (211) plane possesses the most suitable free energy during the reduction process, exhibiting the best catalytic ability for the CO 2 -to-HCOOH conversion. The intermediate of CO 2 RR on N-SnO 2 is HCOO * or COOH * instead of OCHO * . These results may provide useful insights into the mechanism of CO 2 RR, and promote the development of heteroatomdoped catalyst for efficient CO 2 RR.

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Overview on Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells (DFAFCs) as an Energy Sources

Cited by 99 publications

References 22 publications

Closing the Gap in Formic Acid Reforming

Closing the Gap in Formic Acid Reforming

Improving the electrocatalytic activity for formic acid oxidation of bimetallic Ir–Zn nanoparticles decorated on graphene nanoplatelets

Electrochemical CO2 reduction over nitrogen-doped SnO2 crystal surfaces

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