Overview of Turkey's Coal Necessity, Reserves and Utilization

Kılıç, Ahmet Mahmut; Kiliç, Özen

doi:10.1260/014459806780796295

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The primary energy consumption has increased from 63.67 Mtoe in 1995 to 87.81 Mtoe in 2004; though in the same period, the primary energy production has increased from 26.71 to 24.33 Mtoe. As seen, Turkey is a large importer of primary energy (Kilic, 2005(Kilic, , 2006aKilic and Kilic, 2006).…”

Section: Turkey's Energy Situationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance and Necessity for the Utilization of Nuclear Energy in Turkey

Kılıç¹

2008

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmenta

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This article expresses both importance and necessity for utilization nuclear energy in Turkey. Turkey's flirtation with nuclear power began in July 1955, when it signed a bilateral agreement with the USA to cooperate in the "peaceful uses of nuclear energy." Turkey is a net energy importer because it is not rich in energy resources. Today Turkey is producing 24.4 Mteo (million ton oil equivalent) of energy but consumes 87.8 Mtoe. The energy import ratio of Turkey is 72.21%. Turkish government officials believe that will be increased by about 8-10% annually up to 2010, which will necessitate an installed power production capacity of approximately 48.82 GW (gigawatts). However, Turkey's hydraulic power capacity for electricity is restricted to 245 billion kWh (kilowatt-hour). For supply security, Turkey has imported coal power plants and nuclear power plants for fuel diversification against natural gas, which the Electric Sector will heavily depend upon after year 2005. The Turkish government has announced plans to build three nuclear reactors by 2015. Site selection studies of the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) started in 1972 in Turkey. The first reactor is planned to be built at Sinop Bay on the western Black Sea coast and is scheduled to start operation in 2010.

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Section: Turkey's Energy Situationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance and Necessity for the Utilization of Nuclear Energy in Turkey

Kılıç¹

2008

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmenta

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“…Careless use of energy resources and their scarcity, resulting unwanted side effects, so energy consumption must be planned and evaluated carefully and accurately. Comprehensive researches have been conducted by several authors regarding to the assessment of production and utilization of fossil and renewable energy sources in Turkey (Balat, 2004a;2004b;2005a;2005b;2005c;2005d;Balat et al, 2004;Bakıs,, 2005;Bascetincelik et al, 2009a;2009b;Bertay et al, 2004;Comaklı et al, 2008;Demirbas, 2002b;Demirbas and Bakıs,, 2003;Dursun and Gokcol, 2012;Ekinci et al, 2010;Erdem, 2010;Gucbilmez et al, 2010;Kasap and Duman, 2013;Kaygusuz, 2001;2002;Kiliç, 2005;Kiliç and Kiliç, 2006;Kırtay, 2010;Konak and Pamukcu, 2006;Ozturk and Bascetincelik, 2006;Pamukcu and Konak, 2006;Vardar and Cetin, 2007;Yılmaz, 2006a;Yüksel, 2006;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Analysis for Biodiesel Production from Rapeseed Oil

Öztürk

2014

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the energy input and output for winter rapeseed cultivation and biodiesel production from rapeseed oil. The total energy use for winter rapeseed cultivation and biodiesel production proceses were 10485.04 MJ/ha and 9199.48 MJ/ha, respectively. The total energy inputs for winter rapeseed cultivation were consisted of 2599.15 MJ/ha direct energy input and 7885.89 MJ/ha indirect energy input. The total energy input was calculated as 4889.66 MJ/t for winter rapeseed cultivation. The average rapeseed and straw yield were 2144.4 kg and 1154.6 kg per hectare cultivated area, respectively. The energy output of rapeseed 56826.6 MJ/ha, if only the seed was taken into account. The output/input ratio for rapeseed cultivation was 7.30 if straw was included. The net energy production was calculated as 66085.22 MJ per hectare of cultivated area. The total energy input was 19684.52 MJ/ha for rapeseed biodiesel production. The energy consumed for the conversion of refined rapeseed oil into biofuel was 6197.32 MJ/ha, which accounted for 67.37% of the total energy consumtion of biodiesel production processes. The total energy output of rapeseed biodiesel processes was consisted of 26768.97 MJ/ha in the form of biodiesel, 4095.8 MJ/ha of in the form of rapeseed meal (cake) and 2558.99 MJ/ha in the form of glycerin. The energy ratio was 2.70 for the rapeseed biodiesel production chain. The specific energy and the energy productivity for rapeseed biodiesel production were calculated as 24.41 MJ/kg and 0.0409 kg/MJ, respectively. The net biodiesel production was 7084.45 MJ/ha, which correspond to 213.39 L biodiesel per hectare of cultivated area.

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“…Coal is one of the major fuel sources used for electric power generation. More than half of the world's total coal production currently provides around 37% of the world's electricity (Kiliç and Kiliç, 2006). This ratio is 53% in the USA and Germany, 69% in Greece, 75% in China, 77% in Denmark, 83% in Australia, and 95% in Poland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Non-Controllable Factors in Efficiency Evaluation of Turkish Coal Enterprises

Kasap

Konuk

Gasimov

et al. 2007

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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In this study, which aims to examine the effects of non-controllable factors as well as input parameters on the efficiency performances of Turkish Coal Mine Enterprises, eight enterprises within Turkish Coal Enterprises (TCE) were examined. In order to keep the study as up-to-date as possible, data from the latest year (2005) was examined. For each enterprise, the outputs consisted of the amount of the production sold and the total income gained in the corresponding year; the controllable inputs consisted of investment expenditure, overburden stripping and number of staff; and non-controllable inputs consisted of total reserve and low heat values. In order to measure the effects of non-controllable inputs on enterprise efficiency, three-stage modified data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was employed. In the first stage, information concerning the efficiency of the enterprises was gained by using only the controllable inputs and outputs. In the second stage, the effects of non-controllable inputs on controllable inputs in inefficient enterprises were examined. Lastly in the third stage, the new efficiency values were calculated by means of DEA where controllable inputs and outputs modified according to non-controllable inputs were used. Considering the non-controllable inputs as a result of the analyses conducted with three-stage DEA model, it was determined that the average efficiency value of Turkish Coal Enterprises increased from 87.5% to 92.3%.

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Overview of Turkey's Coal Necessity, Reserves and Utilization

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Importance and Necessity for the Utilization of Nuclear Energy in Turkey

Importance and Necessity for the Utilization of Nuclear Energy in Turkey

Energy Analysis for Biodiesel Production from Rapeseed Oil

The Effects of Non-Controllable Factors in Efficiency Evaluation of Turkish Coal Enterprises

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