Overview of Sport History in Iran: Prehistory, Ancient and Modernization

Abstract

The article reviews Iranian sports in three periods: prehistoric, ancient, and modern. In prehistoric times, remaining cases have shown the existence of movement activities based on recreational and religious ceremonies. In the period of ancient history, documents such as Hasanlu Golden Cup and Arjan Cup, and in the continuation of architectures leftover from different eras, refer to the prosperity of sports activities with different approaches. Among all kinds of activities, Iranian zoorkhaneh sport has a significant cultural background and effect. Modern sports entered Iran through embassies, oil contractors, Western-educated students, and military representatives in other countries (in the modern era). Iran became a member of the International Olympic Committee in 1947 and won its first Olympic medal in 1948. Entering the 21st century, the sports industry in Iran began to grow and the number of clubs, sports careers, and sports science students in universities increased significantly. The growing dimension of attention and interest in sports among Iranians shows that sports will be one of the main areas in Iran's development in the future.

Psychometric of the interpersonal communication skills scale: A confirmatory factor analysis

“…To nd out the communication procedures in a target population, it is important to identify the segments that can bene t from a speci c health behavior. In previous research, Ghasemi et al (2014), identi ed six factors [19]. In this research, besides shortening the EICS, one factor was also added.…”

“…This gap underscores the importance of investing in the creation of a reliable assessment tool for educational purposes. Also, the critical aspects of EICS, such as listening skills, pro ciently sending and receiving verbal and non-verbal messages, assertiveness, understanding the communication process, and emotional regulation, have been overlooked thus far [19]. Furthermore, there has been insu cient research examining the extent to which the components of EICS play a con rmatory role in the acceptance of preventive measures against COVID-19 transmission among healthcare workers.…”