Overview of Nanoparticle Coating of Dental Implants for Enhanced Osseointegration and Antimicrobial Purposes

Abstract

-PURPOSE: Nanomaterials are suitable candidates for coating of titanium based (Ti-based) dental implants due to their unique properties. The objective of this article is to summarize the application of nanoparticles as Ti-based implant coating materials in order to control and improve the implant success rate with focus on enhanced osseointegration and antimicrobial purposes. METHOD: This review was conducted using electronic databases and MeSH keywords to detect associated scientific literature published in English. RESULTS: The reviewed articles exhibited that a significant progress in research has occurred in the case of nanomaterial-based coatings for dental implants. Coating of Ti surfaces with nanoparticles can improve soft tissue integration and osteogeneration that leads to improved fixation of implants. Furthermore, osteoconductive nanoparticles induce a chemical bond with bone to attain good biological fixation for implants. Surface modification of implants using antibacterial properties can also decrease the potential for infection, and certainly, present improve clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the reported success, more clinically and in vivo information on the nanoparticle-based implant coatings will add to the successful application of the device in the clinic.

Nanoparticles and the control of oral biofilms

“…at a concentration of 0.2 μg/mL, which is markedly less than the concentration (30 μg/mL) required to demonstrate a toxic effect against human fibroblasts [128]. Besides, it has been reported that by incorporating AgNPs into titanium implant material, not only the antibacterial ability of the implant is enhanced, but also the surface remains biocompatible [129]. Similarly, nZnO has been shown to possess good biocompatibility.…”

A review on potential toxicity of dental material and screening their biocompatibility

“…Coating of bioinert materials with ability to encourage osseointegration on the titanium implant surfaces in order to improve the stability of them has been reported by different investigators (Samiei et al 2016;Parnia et al 2017). Based on the related literature, different types of biomaterials have used as particle coatings to the dental implant surface to progress soft tissue integration and therefore enhance dental implants success.…”

“…The implant insertion may also expose in risk to bacterial plaque (Samiei et al 2016;Parnia et al 2017). The reports have shown that dental implants are at an enlarged risk of microbial contamination due to continuously colonization of microorganisms in the oral cavity.…”

“…An extensive variety of materials are used in dentistry including filling materials (such as composites, amalgam, polymeric monomers, cements), restorative materials, intracanal medicines, prosthetic materials, different types of implants (pure titanium, titanium alloys, zirconium), liners, irrigants, as well as mouthwash (such as antiseptic and anti-plaque rinse) (Vazifehasl et al 2013;Dizaj et al 2015;Parnia et al 2017;Parnia et al 2018). The increasing rate in development of the novel materials with dentistry applications has led to an increased consciousness of the biological risks and tempting restrictions of these materials.…”

The Application of Nanomaterials in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review on Drugs and Devices

“…Nanoparticles have shown significant potential to provide a platform for targeted delivery of drugs because of their unique multi-functionality. Delivering and targeting of drug to its intended site are the most important characteristics of nanoparticles [4,[23][24][25].…”