Overview of Myasthenia Gravis Subgroups and its influence on Pregnancy and their Treatment Advances

Abstract

Antibodies that attack the neuromuscular junction induce myasthenia gravis, an immunological illness. Such antibodies assault and degrade postsynaptic molecules in by binding to the postsynaptic muscular end-plate. As a consequence, signal transduction is disrupted, resulting in muscular weakness and fatigability. Developments in our knowledge of the immunological mechanisms that cause myasthenia gravis have paved the way for the development of new targeted immunity treatments. The majority of myasthenia gravis sufferers have a well-managed condition with just minor to moderate symptoms. The goal must be to create more targeted therapies that reduce or enhance tolerance to the well-known and particular autoimmune reactions that result in autoantibody formation and muscular weakening. Several drugs widely used in obstetrics can aggravate the condition. The impact of maternity on myasthenia varies greatly from one woman to the next, as well as from one pregnancy to the next within the same woman. Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors, corticosteroids, and other immunosuppressants, as well as proper rest, are the most common therapy. Intrauterine antibody exposure can cause in utero or neonatal effects in newborns, which are usually temporary. This review focuses on myasthenia gravis subgroups and treatment breakthroughs, as well as the influence of myasthenia gravis on pregnancy and its management.

Addressing Challenges in Insulin Storage: An Ethical Dilemma among Physicians

“…It is advised that in the absence of refrigerators, insulin should be kept in a dark place with no humidity, moisture, and minimum or no exposure to direct heat sources or sun rays. [ 11 ] Based on this, several traditional and unconventional methods of insulin storage have been developed and are used in different countries, such as India, Tanzania, Sudan, Pakistan, Mali, Ethiopia, and Haiti. [ 3 ] Clay pots filled with water for evaporative cooling to store insulin are most commonly used by thousands of families in resource-limited countries.…”

“…[ 3 ] Clay pots filled with water for evaporative cooling to store insulin are most commonly used by thousands of families in resource-limited countries. [ 11 ] The different variants of unconventional methods of insulin storage include pot-in–pot refrigerators or the Zeer pot, mud pots, goat skin pots filled with water,[ 11 ] vegetable gourds filled with water, and buckets filled with wet sand. [ 3 ] It has been observed that the temperatures achieved by these devices are at or near room temperature, even in hot climates.…”