Overview of Definitions of Maritime Safety, Safety at Sea, Navigational Safety and Safety in General

Abstract

There are numerous diverse papers that have addressed issues within maritime safety, safety at sea, navigational safety and safety in general; to date there has been no comprehensive review of definitions of these terms. This paper reviewed the definitions on safety in three key areas: maritime safety, safety at sea and navigational safety, and interventions to make navigation and shipping safer. In the paper the authors also deal with issues related to risk analysis and risk management in maritime transport.

Fog Season Risk Assessment for Maritime Transportation Systems Exploiting Himawari-8 Data: A Case Study in Bohai Sea, China

“…The identification of relevant criteria is a very critical step in the construction of an assessment model. The navigation risks mentioned in this paper refer to the loss of people or property and the possible impact of the navigation environment, which may consist of harsh conditions, resulting in the improper operation of the ship in the course of navigation, and which may cause ship collisions (i.e., the collision of two or more ships), collisions with stationary objects (i.e., with a reef, coast, or building), grounding (where the bottom of the ship touches the bottom of the sea due to insufficient water depth), or a sunken ship (sinking of ship) [38]. In order to obtain the criteria that may lead to identifying navigation risks more objectively, we use accident data from Maritime Safety Administration of the People's Republic of China in study areas to determine criteria that have a greater impact on ship navigation.…”

Initial Description of Pilotage and Tug Services in the Context of e-Navigation

“…It is assumed that there will be a transition period, not necessarily short, in which unmanned vessels will operate together with either unmanned autonomous or unmanned remote-controlled vessels. Mixed traffic scenarios appear to be particularly difficult in terms of ship traffic safety and efficiency [1,2].…”

Bridge Resource Management: Training for the Minimisation of Human Error in the Military Naval Context

“…In fact, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), through its resolution A.850(20) ‘Human Element Vision, Principles and Goals for the Organisation’, attempts to draw attention to maritime safety and marine environment quality by calling upon the importance of addressing the human factor in order to improve maritime performance, particularly the reduction of human error. As such, safety in this context, whether referring to maritime safety or navigational safety, is essential for any ship when at sea (Formela et al, 2019).…”

“…Before we continue, and in order to clarify better the intent of this paper, it is important to distinguish between the concepts of maritime safety and maritime security, which can often be used interchangeably and which have undergone clear deviations in recent decades (Formela et al, 2019). Maritime safety refers to ‘the safety of life and property at sea from the environmental and operational threats, as well as the safety of the maritime environment from pollution by ships’ (Urbañski et al, 2009, p. 3).…”

“…Before continuing, it is important to note and reinforce that these propositions will be developed taking into account the concept of maritime safety, as it is applicable to all ships, whether merchant or war ships, and because safety is what it is affected in a maritime accident situation (Yang et al, 2013). The discussion reflects on the aspects that contribute to minimising the effect of any factor that may threaten any element of the system in which the ship is integrated, be it the platform itself, the elements that are on board or the environment in which the ship operates (Formela et al, 2019).…”