Overview of complex systems in sport

Balagué, Natàlia; Torrents, Carlota; Hristovski, Robert; Davids, Keith; Araújo, Duarte

doi:10.1007/s11424-013-2285-0

Cited by 104 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The dynamic properties of the game, the cooperation-opposition relationship and the contextual factors constraints the cooperation process of the team-members (Balague, Torrents, Hristovski, Davids, & Araújo, 2013). For those reasons the tendencies and patterns of relationship between team-members it is not always the same or repetitive (Gréhaigne, Godbout, & Zerai, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2015

JPES

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to analyse the team-members cooperation in basketball by using centrality metrics of network. Different ages were compared in this study. Forty players (10 players of under-14; 10 players of under-16; 10 players of under-18 and 10 players in amateurs with more than 20 years) voluntarily participated in this study. A total of 326 units of attack were generated based on the team-members interactions and then converted in final graphs. The one-way ANOVA for the factor tactical position found statistical differences in the dependent variables of %DCentrality (F(4,15) = 13.622; p-value = 0.001; n 2 = 0.784; Large Effect Size) and %DPrestige (F(4,15) = 20.590; p-value = 0.001; n 2 = 0.846; Large Effect Size). In conclusion this study showed that point guard was the prominent position during the attacking organization and that social network analysis it is a useful approach to identify the patterns of interactions in the game of basketball.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2015

JPES

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“…In relation to the development of research and theory within the sport sciences over the last 3 decades, Balague, Torrents, Hristovski, Davids & Araújo (2013) DYNAMIC BALANCE, CORRECTION THEORY 6 observed that a mechanistic view of human organisms has dominated the development of research and theory within the sport sciences over the last 3 decades.…”

Section: Dynamic Balance Correction Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the tendency within sport science to overlook the dynamic organismenvironment relationship in favor of reductive internal (mental) mechanisms (Davids & Araújo, 2010), Balague et al (2013) suggested that complex systems approaches provide a more ecological basis on which to conceptualize sport related phenomena.…”

Section: Dynamic Balance Correction Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When judged from this perspective, the individual is viewed as a non-linear open system of which one of the defining characteristics is the spontaneous emergence of self-organization (Kauffman, 1995;Strogatz, 2003). Furthermore, notions of isolation and prediction become largely redundant, given the idea of indeterminacy is a key feature of many open system analyses of cognition and behavior (Schall, 2004).In relation to the development of research and theory within the sport sciences over the last 3 decades, Balague, Torrents, Hristovski, Davids & Araújo (2013) DYNAMIC BALANCE, CORRECTION THEORY 6 observed that a mechanistic view of human organisms has dominated the development of research and theory within the sport sciences over the last 3 decades.Given the tendency within sport science to overlook the dynamic organismenvironment relationship in favor of reductive internal (mental) mechanisms (Davids & Araújo, 2010), Balague et al (2013) suggested that complex systems approaches provide a more ecological basis on which to conceptualize sport related phenomena.Furthermore, we believe that a dynamic systems approach is a promising way to develop theory with regard to the psychological basis for sporting performance.Correction theory also utilizes control theory (W. Powers, 1973), which is based within a class of theories referred to as the cybernetic-systems paradigm (Vancouver, 2000(Vancouver, , 2005. Control theory, emerging out of a non-linear dynamic view of human nature, theorizes that control is exerted on the system based on the concept of negative feedback, which W. Powers (1973) viewed as the "central and determining factor in all observed behavior" (p. 44).…”

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The Psychology of Dynamic Balance and Peak Performance in Sport: Correction Theory

Cowen

Nesti

Cheetham

2014

Quest

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This paper presents an introduction to a new approach to our understanding of peak performance and dysfunctional performance in sport -Correction theory. Correction theory, based within a control theory (W. Powers, 1973) and dynamical systems perspective, assumes that dynamic balance (A state in which a robust complex system will self-correct in response to imbalance) underwrites individual functioning. The central thesis presented in this paper is that an interdependent relationship exists between peak performance and dysfunctional performance in sport. Peak performance is, in part, a (corrective) response to dysfunctional performance, and vice versa. An overview of correction theory is presented, based on two propositions relating to balance. Implications of correction theory for our understanding of sporting performance are briefly considered. Keywords: dynamic balance, peak performance, correction theory DYNAMIC BALANCE, CORRECTION THEORY 3The Psychology of Dynamic Balance and Peak Performance in Sport: Correction Theory A psychological theory, if it is to be more than a technical makeshift, must base itself on the principle of opposition; for without this it could only reestablish a neurotically unbalanced psyche. There is no balance, no system of regulation without opposition. The psyche is just such a self-regulating system (Jung, 1966a, p. 61) Aphorisms such as success out of failure and triumph over adversity are commonplace within sport. One regularly hears coaches and players talk about expecting a reaction following defeat, and warning against complacency after victory; alluding to a possible interdependent relationship between success and failure rarely explored within the academic literature. The pursuit of achieving sustainable peak performances in competition is arguably one of the defining goals and challenges for elite athletes (Nesti, Littlewood, O'Halloran, Eubank, & Richardson, 2012), and for those who seek to support them. Yet variation in performance is a certainty for athletes, including at elite levels, making success and failure an inevitable part of elite athletes lived experience (Gilbourne and Richardson, 2006). Privette (1981) defined peak performance as "behaviour in any activity that transcends what normally could be expected in that situation" (p. 51). Based on this definition, peak performance refers to a higher level of functioning within any given activity (Privette, 1983), which is by definition quantitatively and/or qualitatively different to a "normal" level of performance.The qualitative nature of the subjective experiences associated with peak performance in sport has attracted significant attention in the literature (i.e., Csikszentmihalyi, 1975;Jackson, 1992, Privette, 1981Ravizza, 1977Ravizza, , 1984. Many DYNAMIC BALANCE, CORRECTION THEORY 4 of these findings suggest that peak performance is an ego-transcending experience (Maslow, 1968) consistent with the construct of flow (Young & Pain, 1999), which Jackson et al (2001) described as an optimal mental stat...

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“…The catch in rowing can be seen as the prominent point of force application that supports the cyclical movement of sculling (rowing). In common with other cyclical, athletic movements, small variations in force application during the catch can have meaningful effects on performance due to the repetitive nature of the skill [6]. This problem is perhaps best contextualised when set against the smallest worthwhile difference of 0.3% separating medal prospects in international racing, which equates to a distance of 6 m over a 2000 m course [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%