Overview of cancer incidence and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS in British Columbia, Canada: Implications for HAART use and NADM development

Chiu, Connie G.; Smith, Danielle M.; Salters, Kate; Zhang, Wendy; Kanters, Steve; Milan, David J.; Montaner, Julio S. G.; Coldman, Andy; Hogg, Robert S.; Wiseman, Sam M.

doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3229-1

Cited by 36 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…In a study performed in British Columbia, HIV subjects had an SIR of 2.05 for NADCs development as compared to the general population. During the observation period (1996-2008), 2.95% of patients developed an NADC [26].…”

Section: Incidence Rates Of All Nadcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pattern of Non-AIDS-defining Cancers in the HIV Population: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prognosis. A Review

Franzetti

Ricci

Bonfanti

2019

CHR

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: The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced the incidence of AIDS events, including AIDS-defining malignancies. Nevertheless, several cohort studies conducted in the post-HAART period have reported an increasing risk of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADC). : Overall, the potential mechanisms leading to an increased risk of developing NADCs probably involve multiple known and unknown factors. In addition to ageing, chronic inflammation and ongoing immune system dysregulation, other contributing factors are co-infection with potentially oncogenic viruses (HBV, HCV, HPV, EBV) and high-risk behaviours such as tobacco smoking. : As a consequence of these risk factors, high standardized incidence ratios have been consistently reported, mainly in cohort studies regarding smoking-related cancers (lung cancer, but also pharyngeal and kidney cancer), due to the far more common cigarette smoking habit in the HIV-population. Also in the setting of infection-related malignancies, the high frequency of liver cancer, as a consequence of HBV and HCV co-infection is well known. Similarly, HPV infection accounts for the higher risk of anal cancer. On the same line, Hodgkin lymphoma is more frequent in the HIV population, due to the dysregulation and proliferation of EBV-infected lymphocytes. : Several studies addressed the direct relationship between immunosuppression and cancer progression, showing that subjects with HIV infection experience higher cancer-specific mortality, as compared to the general population, independently of cancer stage or cancer treatment. : In the HIV population, for many NADCs, the prognosis is still worse as compared to the general population. However, an improvement has been reported over the last decades, mainly thanks to more available and adequate treatment chances.

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Section: Incidence Rates Of All Nadcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pattern of Non-AIDS-defining Cancers in the HIV Population: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prognosis. A Review

Franzetti

Ricci

Bonfanti

2019

CHR

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“…The incidence of ADMs and NADMs among PLHIV has been well‐studied but there is a lack of information on survival outcomes after specific cancer diagnoses. Few studies have analysed 5‐year survival after specific cancer diagnoses among PLHIV and they were limited to prognosis after diagnosis of ADMs, or included untreated PLHIV who have worse prognosis than those on ART .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Improvements treatment of HIV have resulted in PLHIV living longer, 7 increasing the risk of NADMs that are associated with age in the general population. 8 The incidence of ADMs and NADMs among PLHIV has been well-studied 2,[9][10][11] but there is a lack of information on survival outcomes after specific cancer diagnoses. Few studies have analysed 5-year survival after specific cancer diagnoses among PLHIV [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and they were limited to prognosis after diagnosis of ADMs, 12,19 or included untreated PLHIV 14,15 who have worse prognosis than those on ART.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cause‐specific mortality after diagnosis of cancer among HIV‐positive patients: A collaborative analysis of cohort studies

Trickey

May

Gill

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Cancer

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People living with HIV (PLHIV) are more likely than the general population to develop AIDS‐defining malignancies (ADMs) and several non‐ADMs (NADMs). Information is lacking on survival outcomes and cause‐specific mortality after cancer diagnosis among PLHIV. We investigated causes of death within 5 years of cancer diagnosis in PLHIV enrolled in European and North American HIV cohorts starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) 1996–2015, aged ≥16 years, and subsequently diagnosed with cancer. Cancers were grouped: ADMs, viral NADMs and nonviral NADMs. We calculated cause‐specific mortality rates (MR) after diagnosis of specific cancers and compared 5‐year survival with the UK and France general populations. Among 83,856 PLHIV there were 4,436 cancer diagnoses. Of 603 deaths after ADM diagnosis, 292 (48%) were due to an ADM. There were 467/847 (55%) and 74/189 (39%) deaths that were due to an NADM after nonviral and viral NADM diagnoses, respectively. MR were higher for diagnoses between 1996 and 2005 versus 2006–2015: ADMs 102 (95% CI 92–113) per 1,000 years versus 88 (78–100), viral NADMs 134 (106–169) versus 111 (93–133) and nonviral NADMs 264 (232–300) versus 226 (206–248). Estimated 5‐year survival for PLHIV diagnosed with liver (29% [19–39%]), lung (18% [13–23%]) and cervical (75% [63–84%]) cancer was similar to general populations. Survival after Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosis was lower in PLHIV (75% [67–81%]). Among ART‐treated PLHIV diagnosed with cancer, MR and causes of death varied by cancer type, with mortality highest for liver and lung cancers. Deaths within 5 years of NADM diagnoses were more likely to be from cancer than AIDS.

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“…In the modern HAART era, HIV infection is considered a chronic disease that causes cancers, thus bringing new health challenges to HIV‐infected patients. Among the non‐AIDS‐defining cancers, lung cancer is the most common malignancy; this phenomenon may be explained by several risk factors, such as smoking, immunosuppression and anti‐retroviral agent‐induced DNA damage . Lung cancer patients with HIV infection have poorer survival rates and prognoses compared with their HIV‐uninfected counterparts, although the molecular mechanism is not clear …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the non-AIDS-defining cancers, lung cancer is the most common malignancy; this phenomenon may be explained by several risk factors, such as smoking, immunosuppression and antiretroviral agent-induced DNA damage. 3 Lung cancer patients with HIV infection have poorer survival rates and prognoses compared with their HIV-uninfected counterparts, although the molecular mechanism is not clear. 4,5 The Tat protein of HIV1 is a transcriptional activator that contributes to viral and endogenous gene expression in host cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus Tat‐TIP30 interaction promotes metastasis by enhancing the nuclear translocation of Snail in lung cancer cell lines

et al. 2018

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Lung cancer patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a poorer prognosis than do patients without HIV infection. HIV1 Tat is a secreted viral protein that penetrates the plasma membrane and interacts with a number of proteins in non‐HIV‐infected cells. The loss of function of Tat‐interacting protein 30 (TIP30) has been linked to metastasis in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it is unknown how the interaction of HIV1 Tat with TIP30 regulates the metastasis of NSCLC cells. In this study, the overexpression of TIP30 decreased tumor growth factor‐β‐induced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion of NSCLC cells, whereas the knockdown of TIP30 promoted EMT, invasion and stemness. Exposure to recombinant HIV1 Tat proteins promoted EMT and invasion. A mechanistic study showed that the interaction of HIV1 Tat with TIP30 blocked the binding of TIP30 to importin‐β, which is required for the nuclear translocation of Snail. Indeed, the loss of TIP30 promoted the nuclear translocation of Snail. In vivo studies demonstrated that the overexpression of TIP30 inhibited the metastasis of NSCLC cells. In contrast, the coexpression of HIV1 Tat and TIP30 diminished the inhibitory effect of TIP30 on metastasis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that TIP30 overexpression reduced the nuclear localization of Snail, whereas the coexpression of HIV1 Tat and TIP30 increased nuclear Snail in metastatic tumors. In conclusion, the binding of HIV1 Tat to TIP30 enhanced EMT and metastasis by regulating the nuclear translocation of Snail. Targeting Tat‐interacting proteins may be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent metastasis in NSCLC patients with HIV infection.

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Overview of cancer incidence and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS in British Columbia, Canada: Implications for HAART use and NADM development

Cited by 36 publications

References 42 publications

The Pattern of Non-AIDS-defining Cancers in the HIV Population: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prognosis. A Review

The Pattern of Non-AIDS-defining Cancers in the HIV Population: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prognosis. A Review

Cause‐specific mortality after diagnosis of cancer among HIV‐positive patients: A collaborative analysis of cohort studies

Human immunodeficiency virus Tat‐TIP30 interaction promotes metastasis by enhancing the nuclear translocation of Snail in lung cancer cell lines

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