Overview of bio nanofabric from bacterial cellulose

Bacterial nanocellulose production and application: a 10-year overview

“…Based on the properties of BNC, including its high purity, high degree of crystallinity, high density, good shape retention, high water-binding capacity, and higher surface area as compared to native cellulose, BNC may have applications in a variety of contexts, such as the textile industry, nonwoven cloth, paper, food, pharmaceuticals, waste treatment, broadcasting, mining, and refineries (Table 2) (Wu and Liu 2012;Ashjaran et al 2013;Lin and Dufresne, 2014). These distinctive properties have facilitated the use of BNC in the fabrication of several different products, including tires, headphone membranes, high performance speaker diaphragms, highgrade paper, make-up pads, diet foods, and textiles (Shah et al 2013).…”

“…Fragmented BNC has potential applications in papermaking, allowing the production of flexible/durable paper and paper with high filler content, which is ideal for banknote paper (Chawla et al 2009;Ashjaran et al 2013), and its use as a binding agent in papermaking has been investigated (Basta and El-Saied 2009). Mautner et al (2015) demonstrated that BNC-based nanopaper was suitable for tight ultrafiltration operations, while Li et al (2015) developed a low-cost and environmentally friendly paperbased energy-storage device using bacterial cellulosepolypyrrole nanofibers in combination with multiwalled carbon.…”

Bacterial Cellulose Fibers

“…Types of carbon source and addition of surfactants were also observed to affect the growth of cellulose. In addition, the formation of the BC pellicles was influenced by the condition of the culture, i.e., static or agitated conditions [13Ash]. As seen from Fig.…”

“…As seen from Fig. 61.5 (left) and (right), static culture produced a continuous BC pellicle whereas agitated culture resulted in discontinuous pellicles and also frequently led to the formation of cellulose mutants and decline in cellulose synthesis [13Ash].…”

“…Bacterial cellulose is produced by various sources (Table 61.1) but predominantly from Gluconacetobacter xylinum via a four step enzymatic process that consists of (1) phosphorylation of glucose to glucokinase, (2) isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate by phosphoglucomutase, (3) the synthesis of uridine diphosphate glucose from glucose-1-phosphate by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, and (4) the synthesis of cellulose from UDP-glucose by cellulose synthase that essentially converts glucose into cellulose [13Ash,13Sax]. In a typical bacterial cellulose, sub-elementary fibril assembles with adjoining fibrils into 20-50 nm wide flat and twisted ribbons.…”