Overview and Development of the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Determination of Cause of Death (DeCoDe) Process and DeCoDe Diagnosis Standards

Blau, Dianna M.; Caneer, J Patrick; Philipsborn, Rebecca; Madhi, Shabir А.; Bassat, Quique; Varo, Rosauro; Mandomando, Inácio; Igunza, Kitiezo Aggrey; Kotloff, Karen L.; Tapia, Milagritos D.; Johnstone, Siobhan L.; Chawana, Richard; Rahman, Ahmed Shafiqur; Arifeen, Shams El; Onyango, Dickens; Kaiser, Reinhard; Seale, Anna C.; Assefa, Nega; Morris, Timothy; Raghunathan, Pratima L.; Breiman, Robert F.

doi:10.1093/cid/ciz572

Cited by 48 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A key value of HDSSs is the longitudinal tracking of populations, which makes it possible to document temporal trends. HDSSs contribute to filling knowledge gaps about child mortality by providing population-based enumeration of children and of deaths in a well-characterized population; these data are additionally valuable when linked with cause of death data [20]. Systematic surveillance of vital events in HDSSs helps MITS to be performed within the necessary short timeframe of 24 hours after death; it also provides data on mortality by age group and on the household and community contexts of child mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems Within the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network

Cunningham

Shaikh

Nhacolo

et al. 2019

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Health and demographic surveillance systems (HDSSs) provide a foundation for characterizing and defining priorities and strategies for improving population health. The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) project aims to inform policy to prevent child deaths through generating causes of death from surveillance data combined with innovative diagnostic and laboratory methods. Six of the 7 sites that constitute the CHAMPS network have active HDSSs: Mozambique, Mali, Ethiopia, Kenya, Bangladesh, and South Africa; the seventh, in Sierra Leone, is in the early planning stages. This article describes the network of CHAMPS HDSSs and their role in the CHAMPS project. To generate actionable health and demographic data to prevent child deaths, the network depends on reliable demographic surveillance, and the HDSSs play this crucial role.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems Within the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network

Cunningham

Shaikh

Nhacolo

et al. 2019

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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“…The year 2019 saw a sharp rise in the quantity of MITS publications, including a study of children dying of respiratory illness in Kenya and a study of stillbirths and neonates in Ethiopia [34,35]. A large proportion of the 2019 increase in MITS publications is attributable to the October 2019 release of 13 articles describing MITS from the experience of the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network [2,15,33,36,37,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. With promising results from the relatively few validation studies completed, the CHAMPS Network rapidly endorsed the use of MITS and is poised to both build on earlier validation studies and also improve on a number of aspects of MITS such as reducing the time and expense associated with performing MITS.…”

Section: The Evolution Of Mits In Postmortem Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of minimally invasive tissue sampling in postmortem examination: a narrative review

Paganelli

Goco

McClure

et al. 2020

Global Health Action

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Background: Because of low acceptance rates and limited capacity, complete diagnostic autopsies (CDAs) are seldom conducted in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). There have been growing investments in less-invasive postmortem examination methodologies, including needle-based autopsy, known as minimally invasive autopsy or minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS). MITS has been shown to be a feasible and informative alternative to CDA for cause of death investigation and mortality surveillance purposes. Objective: The aim of this narrative review is to describe historical use and evolution of needlebased postmortem procedures as a tool to ascertain the cause of death, especially in LMICs. Methods: Key word searches were conducted in PubMed and EBSCO in 2018 and 2019. Abstracts were reviewed against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Full publications were reviewed for those abstracts meeting inclusion criteria and a start set was established. A snowball search methodology was used and references for all publications meeting inclusion criteria were manually reviewed until saturation was reached. Results: A total of 1,177 publications were initially screened. Following an iterative review of references, 79 publications were included in this review. Twenty-nine studies, published between 1955 and 2019, included MITS as part of postmortem examination. Of the publications included, 76% (60/79) have publication dates after 2010. More than 60% of all publications included addressed MITS in LMICs, and a total of nine publications compared MITS with CDA. Conclusions: Although there is evidence of less-invasive postmortem sampling starting in the 1800s, more structured needle-based postmortem examination publications started to appear in the mid-twentieth century. Early studies were mostly conducted in high-income countries but starting in 2010 the number of publications began to increase, and a growing number of studies were conducted in LMICs. Initial studies in LMICs were disease-specific but since 2015 have evolved to include more expansive postmortem examination.

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“…We are committed to research on this aspect, including the use of Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing tools to analyze narrative information, to better align the tool with WHO 2016 international standard VA and make it amenable to analysis by CCVA methods, while keeping local realities and needs in mind [ 23 ]. A move towards global solutions raises the need for a standardized approach and quality assurance for procedures of verbal autopsy and ascertainment of cause of death globally [ 24 ].…”

Section: Future Vision and Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in India established through verbal autopsies (MINErVA): Strengthening national mortality surveillance system in India

Krishnan

Gupta

Nongkynrih

et al. 2020

Journal of Global Health

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Background Following data access and storage concerns, Government of India transferred the management of its Sample Registration System (SRS) based mortality surveillance (formerly known as the Million Death Study) to an Indian agency. This paper introduces the new system, challenges it faced and its vision for future. Methods The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, the new nodal agency, established the “Mortality in India Established through Verbal Autopsy” (MINErVA) platform with state level partners across India in November 2017. The network in its first three years has undertaken capacity building of supervisors conducting verbal autopsy under the SRS, established a panel of trained physician reviewers and developed three IT-based platforms for training, quality control and coding. Coding of VA forms started from January 2015 onwards, and the cause specific mortality fractions (CSMF) of the first 14 185 adult verbal autopsy (VA) records for 2015 were compared with earlier published data for 2010-2013 to check for continuity of system performance. Results The network consists of 25 institutions and a panel of 676 trained physician reviewers. 916 supervisors have been trained in conducting verbal autopsies. More than 75 000 VA forms have been coded to date. The median time taken for finalizing cause of death on the coding platform is 37 days. The level of physician agreement (67%) and proportion of VA forms requiring adjudication (12%) are consistent with published literature. Preliminary CSMF estimates for 2015 were comparable with those for 2010-2013 and identified same top ten causes of death. In addition to the delay, two major challenges identified for coding were language proficiency of physician reviewers vis-à-vis language of narratives and quality of verbal autopsies. While an initial strategic decision was made to consolidate the system to ensure continuity, future vision of the network is to move towards technology-based solutions including electronic data capture of VAs and its analysis and improving the use of mortality data in decision making. Conclusion MINErVA network is now fully functional and is moving towards achieving global standards. It provides valuable lessons for other developing countries to establish their own mortality surveillance systems.

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Overview and Development of the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Determination of Cause of Death (DeCoDe) Process and DeCoDe Diagnosis Standards

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems Within the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network

Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems Within the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network

The evolution of minimally invasive tissue sampling in postmortem examination: a narrative review

Mortality in India established through verbal autopsies (MINErVA): Strengthening national mortality surveillance system in India

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