Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems Within the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network

Cunningham, Solveig A.; Shaikh, Nida; Nhacolo, Ariel; Raghunathan, Pratima L.; Kotloff, Karen L.; Naser, Abu Mohd; Mengesha, Melkamu Merid; Adedini, Sunday A.; Misore, Thomas; Onuwchekwa, Uma U; Worrell, Mary Claire; Arifeen, Shams El; Assefa, Nega; Chowdhury, Atique Iqbal; Kaiser, Reinhard; Madhi, Shabir А.; Mehta, Ashka; Obor, David; Sacoor, Charfudin; Sow, Samba O.; Tapia, Milagritos D.; Wilkinson, Amanda L.; Breiman, Robert F.; Agaya, Janet; Aol, George; Liech, Stephen; Oyuga, Leonard; Akelo, Victor; Barr, Beth A. Tippett; Zielinski-Gutiérrez, Emily; Bari, Sanwarul; Rahman, Qazi Sadeq-ur; Rashid, Mahbubur; Hossain, Tanvir; Bassat, Quique; Filimone, Paulo; Hunguana, Aura; Jamisse, Edgar; Matsena, Teodimiro; Mandomando, Inácio; Malheia, Arlindo; Onyango, Dickens; Sello, Matshidiso; Thaele, Dineo; Jambai, Amara

doi:10.1093/cid/ciz609

Cited by 56 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Despite limited numbers, these determinations have already provided insights on contributions of key pathogens (eg, respiratory syncytial virus, malaria, Streptococcus pneumoniae , group B Streptococcus , malnutrition, preterm birth, and congenital abnormalities) within the causal chain of child mortality. As enrolled deaths accumulate and confidence in site-level population denominators increases through strengthening the HDSS [37], CHAMPS will provide specificity for how specific causes of death contribute to mortality burden. Data generated from CHAMPS will ultimately inform potential strategies to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 to reduce the high stillbirth and under-5 child mortality seen in Africa and South Asia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This information on key population indicators and characteristics, including fertility, mortality, and migration rates, also provides the total death count in the population to determine the level of ascertainment of deaths within the catchment area and explore biases in ascertainment. HDSS platforms vary in maturity throughout the network (Table 1) [37]. Several sites began surveillance with limited or no HDSS infrastructure, but these systems are being developed as part of the CHAMPS surveillance model.…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mortality Surveillance Methods to Identify and Characterize Deaths in Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network Sites

Salzberg

Sivalogan

Bassat

et al. 2019

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Despite reductions over the past 2 decades, childhood mortality remains high in low- and middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In these settings, children often die at home, without contact with the health system, and are neither accounted for, nor attributed with a cause of death. In addition, when cause of death determinations occur, they often use nonspecific methods. Consequently, findings from models currently utilized to build national and global estimates of causes of death are associated with substantial uncertainty. Higher-quality data would enable stakeholders to effectively target interventions for the leading causes of childhood mortality, a critical component to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by eliminating preventable perinatal and childhood deaths. The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network tracks the causes of under-5 mortality and stillbirths at sites in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia through comprehensive mortality surveillance, utilizing minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS), postmortem laboratory and pathology testing, verbal autopsy, and clinical and demographic data. CHAMPS sites have established facility- and community-based mortality notification systems, which aim to report potentially eligible deaths, defined as under-5 deaths and stillbirths within a defined catchment area, within 24–36 hours so that MITS can be conducted quickly after death. Where MITS has been conducted, a final cause of death is determined by an expert review panel. Data on cause of death will be provided to local, national, and global stakeholders to inform strategies to reduce perinatal and childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality Surveillance Methods to Identify and Characterize Deaths in Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network Sites

Salzberg

Sivalogan

Bassat

et al. 2019

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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“…Internal monitoring was the most frequently cited procedure, specifically pre-programmed checks to avoid incorrect data entry [ 29 , 38 , 103 , 139 , 152 , 156 , 170 ]. Regarding external monitoring, only half of the systems reported having the necessary structures to be subject to frequent auditing and manual reporting [ 28 , 38 , 45 , 108 , 113 , 145 ]. Only three systems demonstrated internal and external quality controls (DHIS 2, GN-MNHR and INDEPTH).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and neonatal data collection systems in low- and middle-income countries for maternal vaccines active safety surveillance systems: A scoping review

Berrueta

Ciapponi

Bardach

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Most post-licensure vaccine pharmacovigilance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are passive reporting systems. These have limited utility for maternal immunization pharmacovigilance in LMIC settings and need to be supplemented with active surveillance. Our study’s main objective was to identify existing perinatal data collection systems in LMICs that collect individual information on maternal and neonatal health outcomes and could be developed to inform active safety surveillance of novel vaccines for use during pregnancy. Methods A scoping review was performed following the Arksey and O’Malley six-stage approach. We included studies describing electronic or mixed paper-electronic data collection systems in LMICs, including research networks, electronic medical records, and custom software platforms for health information systems. Medline PubMed, EMBASE, Global Health, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Bibliography of Asian Studies (BAS), and CINAHL were searched through August 2019. We also searched grey literature including through Google and websites of existing relevant perinatal data collection systems, as well as contacted authors of key studies and experts in the field to validate the information and identify additional sources of relevant unpublished information. Results A total of 11,817 records were identified. The full texts of 264 records describing 96 data collection systems were assessed for eligibility. Eight perinatal data collection systems met our inclusion criteria: Global Network’s Maternal Newborn Health Registry, International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and their Health; Perinatal Informatic System; Pregnancy Exposure Registry & Birth Defects Surveillance; SmartCare; Open Medical Record System; Open Smart Register Platform and District Health Information Software 2. These selected systems were qualitatively characterized according to seven different domains: governance; system design; system management; data management; data sources, outcomes and data quality. Conclusion This review provides a list of active maternal and neonatal data collection systems in LMICs and their characteristics as well as their outreach, strengths, and limitations. Findings could potentially help further understand where to obtain population-based high-quality information on outcomes to inform the conduct of maternal immunization active vaccine safety surveillance activities and research in LMICs.

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“…The year 2019 saw a sharp rise in the quantity of MITS publications, including a study of children dying of respiratory illness in Kenya and a study of stillbirths and neonates in Ethiopia [34,35]. A large proportion of the 2019 increase in MITS publications is attributable to the October 2019 release of 13 articles describing MITS from the experience of the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network [2,15,33,36,37,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. With promising results from the relatively few validation studies completed, the CHAMPS Network rapidly endorsed the use of MITS and is poised to both build on earlier validation studies and also improve on a number of aspects of MITS such as reducing the time and expense associated with performing MITS.…”

Section: The Evolution Of Mits In Postmortem Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of minimally invasive tissue sampling in postmortem examination: a narrative review

Paganelli

Goco

McClure

et al. 2020

Global Health Action

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Background: Because of low acceptance rates and limited capacity, complete diagnostic autopsies (CDAs) are seldom conducted in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). There have been growing investments in less-invasive postmortem examination methodologies, including needle-based autopsy, known as minimally invasive autopsy or minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS). MITS has been shown to be a feasible and informative alternative to CDA for cause of death investigation and mortality surveillance purposes. Objective: The aim of this narrative review is to describe historical use and evolution of needlebased postmortem procedures as a tool to ascertain the cause of death, especially in LMICs. Methods: Key word searches were conducted in PubMed and EBSCO in 2018 and 2019. Abstracts were reviewed against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Full publications were reviewed for those abstracts meeting inclusion criteria and a start set was established. A snowball search methodology was used and references for all publications meeting inclusion criteria were manually reviewed until saturation was reached. Results: A total of 1,177 publications were initially screened. Following an iterative review of references, 79 publications were included in this review. Twenty-nine studies, published between 1955 and 2019, included MITS as part of postmortem examination. Of the publications included, 76% (60/79) have publication dates after 2010. More than 60% of all publications included addressed MITS in LMICs, and a total of nine publications compared MITS with CDA. Conclusions: Although there is evidence of less-invasive postmortem sampling starting in the 1800s, more structured needle-based postmortem examination publications started to appear in the mid-twentieth century. Early studies were mostly conducted in high-income countries but starting in 2010 the number of publications began to increase, and a growing number of studies were conducted in LMICs. Initial studies in LMICs were disease-specific but since 2015 have evolved to include more expansive postmortem examination.

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Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems Within the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network

Cited by 56 publications

References 19 publications

Mortality Surveillance Methods to Identify and Characterize Deaths in Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network Sites

Mortality Surveillance Methods to Identify and Characterize Deaths in Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network Sites

Maternal and neonatal data collection systems in low- and middle-income countries for maternal vaccines active safety surveillance systems: A scoping review

The evolution of minimally invasive tissue sampling in postmortem examination: a narrative review

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