Overview and Comparison of the IMO and the US Maritime Administration Ballast Water Management Regulations

Čampara, Leo; Frančić, Vlado; Maglić, Lovro; Hasanspahić, Nermin

doi:10.3390/jmse7090283

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…But these technologies have the disadvantages of long treatment time, easily causing cabin corrosion and high-energy consumption [83]. To meet the stricter ballast water emission standards [84], a whole new system based on the novel plasma gas injection has been used [8], [15], [16], [85]- [87].…”

Section: E Ballast Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Applications of Plasma Gas Injection for Pollutants Treatment

Qiu

Yang²,

2022

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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Plasma gas injection as one of the non-thermal plasma (NTP) technologies has a free-standing gas-phase plasma reactor outside the polluted target and can efficiently degrade contaminants by injecting plasma gas containing a large number of reactive species. This approach has been utilized in various fields of pollutants treatment, because of its structural advantage of indirect contact between pollutants and electrodes and its ability to produce strong oxidizing species. This article first expounds on the principle of the plasma gas injection and then progresses to a discussion of its application for pollutants degradation, mainly focusing on the treatment effect and degradation mechanisms. It is believed that plasma gas injection is considered to be a very practical, clean, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for pollution control.

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Section: E Ballast Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Applications of Plasma Gas Injection for Pollutants Treatment

Qiu

Yang²,

2022

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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“…The estimated overall expense of installing BWTS ranges from half a million up to three or even five million US dollars depending on the ship age, type, size, etc. (Čampara et al 2019;DNV GL 2019b). Retrofitting BWTS, naturally, induces considerably higher costs than installing them on new builds (Davidson et al 2017).…”

Section: Market Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems of environmental innovation: sectoral and technological perspectives on ballast water treatment systems

Makkonen

Inkinen

2021

WMU J Marit Affairs

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The research on innovation in the maritime sector has commonly focused on the implementation of innovation rather than on more complex issues such as the interplay between technological aspects, market conditions, and, particularly, regulatory regimes in shaping the emergence and growth of global systems involved with the development, production, and use of environmental innovation. Therefore, this paper sets out to analyze—by combining insights from sectoral (SSI) and technological (TIS) systems of innovation concepts—ballast water treatment systems (BWTS), designed to prevent the negative impacts of invasive species, as an example of such complex interaction. The results show how public policy and institutional acceptance have shaped the market for BWTS. First, BWTS were induced by environmental regulations mandating their use. Second, the demand for BWTS increases substantially when the implementation date of the regulations approaches. Third, differences in regulatory regimes shape the demand for various available technologies. Without coordinated regulations, this unclear operating environment remains a definite concern for shipowners when choosing the specific type of BWTS technology for onboard installation. The results also underline that the combined SSI/TIS framework, utilized in this paper, is a feasible analytical framework for studying environmental innovation.

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“…Shipowners need to plan and budget accordingly to ensure that their ships comply when the time comes for the renewal of their IOPP certificate. It involved marine engineers, classification societies, and industry experts in determining the best course of action and ensuring that the installation process was completed promptly and efficiently [4]. Installing BWTS on board is the shipowner's responsibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development dynamic compliance cost model for implementation of ballast water management convention: shipowner perspective

2023

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The Ballast Water Management Convention (BWMC) regulates ship ballast water management to avoid the spread of aquatic invasive species. The convention requires all ships, including existing ones, to have a Ballast Water Treatment System (BWTS) onboard before September 8, 2024. There are some concerns about the compliance costs of BWMC, especially the additional cost of retrofitting cases. The ship retrofitting cost will depend on various factors, and it can be difficult for a shipowner to determine accurately. The procedure is intricate, and there are many factors to consider, such as the ship's size, BWTS system complexity, and the price of materials and modification level. In this paper, A proposed approach involves expert judgment to capture the effect of multi-stakeholder and estimate the compliance cost. As an essential part of the research methodology, the system dynamics method and life cycle cost are combined to develop a compliance cost model during the ship's lifetime. The simulation model shows that the confidence level of retrofitting costs for each BWTS is more than 94%. Therefore, the model can be used to estimate additional costs. As a result, BWTS type A is the most economical system for small tankers, with an estimated cost of USD 802,860 for the remaining 12 years of the ship's lifetime. Shipowners can use this model as a supporting decision tool to determine which BWTS would be suitable and assist in determining the budget necessary to comply with the BWMC.

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Overview and Comparison of the IMO and the US Maritime Administration Ballast Water Management Regulations

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

The Applications of Plasma Gas Injection for Pollutants Treatment

The Applications of Plasma Gas Injection for Pollutants Treatment

Systems of environmental innovation: sectoral and technological perspectives on ballast water treatment systems

Development dynamic compliance cost model for implementation of ballast water management convention: shipowner perspective

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