Overuse tendon injuries: Basic science and classification

Selvanetti, Alberto; Cipolla, Massimo; Puddu, Giancarlo

doi:10.1016/s1060-1872(97)80031-7

Cited by 107 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This is consistent with previous research by Hoffman and Fogard [18] (11.5%), and other ultra-marathon studies where prevalence rates have been reported 2-18.5% [16]. Excessive loading during physical activity is considered to be the main stimulus for the development of tendinopathies [19]. The high, repetitive loading generated in the gastrocnemius and soleus during running may predispose runners to the development of Achilles tendinitis [20].…”

Section: Citation: Small K Relph N (2017) Musculoskeletal Injury Ratsupporting

confidence: 91%

Musculoskeletal Injury Rates in Multiday Marathon Runners Performing Ten Consecutive Marathons on a Repeat Course

Small¹,

Relph²

2018

J Athl Enhanc

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Objective: To describe musculoskeletal injury rates in recreational runners completing ten marathons over ten consecutive days to help event organisers plan future injury preventative advice and strategies.Methods: An observational study involving 27 recreational runners (age 45.1 ± 7.47 yrs, mass 74.5 ± 12.39 kg, years running 11.6 ± 9.42 yrs, average weekly mileage 41.9 ± 12.72 miles). Main outcome measures included total and percentage of musculoskeletal injuries, timing of injury occurrence during 10-day event, and daily individual marathon times.Results: Twenty-six runners sustained 108 injuries, averaging 4 injuries per runner (90.13 per 1000hr). 89% of injuries involved the lower extremity; 24.1% foot, 18.5% hip/buttock, 16.7% ankle and 16.7% lower leg. Common injuries were blisters (15.7%), Achilles tendinitis (11.1%), medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) (10.2%), iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) (9.3%) and low back pain (LBP) (9.3%). 64.3% of injuries were sustained to the left limb. Chi-squared analysis revealed more injuries in days 1-3 than days 4-6 (p=0.013) and days 7-10 (p=0.001). Repeated measures ANOVA comparing Days 1-3, 4-6 and 7-10 showed a significant main effect (p=0.039). Post hoc analysis revealed Days 1-3 were significantly quicker time than days 7-10 (p=0.037, difference of 0.276 hrs). Conclusion:Blisters, Achilles tendinitis, MTSS and ITBS are the most common lower extremity injurie in multiday marathons runners performing a repeat course over 10 consecutive days. Runners entering these events should perform appropriate injury prevention programmes. Runners should also be more reserved at the beginning of multiday events to avoid high initial injury risk. However, further investigation of injury rates and risk factors using larger sample sizes is required.

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Section: Citation: Small K Relph N (2017) Musculoskeletal Injury Ratsupporting

confidence: 91%

Musculoskeletal Injury Rates in Multiday Marathon Runners Performing Ten Consecutive Marathons on a Repeat Course

Small¹,

Relph²

2018

J Athl Enhanc

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“…Excessive loading of tendons during physical activity is regarded as the main pathological stimulus for degeneration [3] :…”

Section: Extrinsic Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In-fact, it must be kept in mind that tendon damage may even occur from stresses within physiological limits, as frequent cumulative microtrauma may not allow enough time for repair [3] . Microtrauma can also result from a non-uniform stress within tendons, producing abnormal load concentrations on the fibrils, resulting in localized fibre damage and increased loading of the remaider [97] .…”

Section: Extrinsic Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Achilles Tendinopathy: Pathogenesis Review

Bondi¹,

Rossi²,

Magnan³

et al. 2015

International Journal of Orthopaedics

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Achilles tendinopathy is a degenerative disease with high prevalence in runners. For the comprehension of achilles tendinopathy we have to consider intrinsic conditions such as age, sex, BMI, tendon temperature, systemic diseases, flexibility, previous injuries and anatomical variations, genetic predisposition and blood supply and extrinsic factors such as drugs and overuse. Both categories can be responsible for development of achilles' degenerative tendinopathy. Different hypothesis were studied, those concerning the pathogenesis of tendinopathy and those concerning the etiology of complaints in patients. This review of the literature demonstrates the heterogeneity of Achilles tendinopathy pathogenesis.

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“…The main function of the tendon is to transfer forces from these muscles to the 49 calcaneus (Moore, 2006). The mechanism by which chronic Achilles tendon pathologies are 50 initiated has not been fully clarified scientifically; however a key pathological stimulus for 51 those involved in dynamic activities such as running is excessive loading of the tendon itself 52 (Selvanetti et al, 1997). Collagenous materials such as tendons are able to respond positively 53 to applied loads provided that sufficient rest is allowed between training sessions (Magnusson 54 et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of minimalist and maximalist footwear on Achilles tendon load in recreational runners

Sinclair

Richards

Shore

2015

CEP

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Abstract:The current investigation aimed to comparatively examine the effects of minimalist, maximalist and conventional footwear on Achilles tendon forces (ATF) during running. Twelve male runners (age 23.11 ± 5.01 years, height 1.78 ± 0.10 cm and body mass 77.13 ± 7.89 kg) ran at 4.0 m.s-1 in the three footwear conditions. ATF's were calculated using Opensim software allowing the magnitudal and temporal aspects of the ATF to be quantified. Differences between footwear were examined using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed the peak ATF was significantly larger in minimalist footwear (5.97 ± 1.38 BW) compared to maximalist (5.07 ± 1.42 BW). In addition it was revealed that ATF per mile was significantly larger in minimalist (492.31 ± 157.72 BW) in comparison to both maximalist (377.31 ± 148.06 BW) and conventional (402.71 ± 125.51 BW) footwear. Given the relationship between high ATF and Achilles tendon degradation, the current investigation indicated that minimalist footwear may increase runners risk for Achilles tendon injury. The current investigation aimed to comparatively examine the effects of minimalist, 23 maximalist and conventional footwear on Achilles tendon forces (ATF) during running. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation 24Twelve male runners (age 23.11 ± 5.01 years, height 1.78 ± 0.10 cm and body mass 77.13 ± 25 7.89 kg) ran at 4.0 m.s -1 in the three footwear conditions. ATF's were calculated using 26Opensim software allowing the magnitudal and temporal aspects of the ATF to be quantified. 27Differences between footwear were examined using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. 28The results showed the peak ATF was significantly larger in minimalist footwear (5.

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Overuse tendon injuries: Basic science and classification

Cited by 107 publications

References 32 publications

Musculoskeletal Injury Rates in Multiday Marathon Runners Performing Ten Consecutive Marathons on a Repeat Course

Musculoskeletal Injury Rates in Multiday Marathon Runners Performing Ten Consecutive Marathons on a Repeat Course

The Achilles Tendinopathy: Pathogenesis Review

Effects of minimalist and maximalist footwear on Achilles tendon load in recreational runners

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