Overuse Injuries and Burnout in Youth Sports

DiFiori, John P.; Benjamin, Holly J.; Brenner, Joel S.; Gregory, Andrew; Jayanthi, Neeru; Landry, Gregory L.; Luke, Anthony

doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000060

Cited by 196 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Chronological age is not always a good measure for categorizing children and adolescents in competitive levels, and it is probably not a good development indicator. 11 Athletes more advanced in their biological maturity perform better, are structurally and functionally stronger than their late-maturing peers, and have a better chance of succeeding in their sport. 40 Unbalanced competition between early and late maturing athletes in contact sports contributes to at least some of the serious injuries in these sports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 Thus, overuse injuries, which are traditionally described in more mature athletes, are now becoming recognized in adolescents. 10,11,20 The immature musculoskeletal system is less able to cope with repetitive biomechanical stress. 30 Demands of PA appear to overlap with growth and maturation, 40 and as a result, vulnerability for injuries can temporarily increase.…”

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Physical Activity–Related Injury Profile in Children and Adolescents According to Their Age, Maturation, and Level of Sports Participation

2017

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Background:Physical activity (PA) is beneficial, enhancing healthy development. However, one-third of school-age children practicing sports regularly suffer from an injury. These injuries are associated with sex, chronological age, and PA level.Purpose:To identify the importance of age, PA level, and maturity as predictors of injury in Portuguese youth.Study Design:Descriptive epidemiological study.Level of Evidence:Level 3.Methods:Information about injury and PA level was assessed via 2 questionnaires (LESADO RAPIL II) from 647 subjects aged 10 to 17 years. Maturity offset according to Mirwald (time before or after peak height velocity) and Tanner-Whitehouse III bone age estimates were used to evaluate maturation. Binary logistic regression and gamma regression were used to determine significant predictors of injury and injury rate.Results:Injury occurrence was higher for both sexes in recreational, school, and federated athletes (athletes engaged in sports that are regulated by their respective federations, with formal competition). These injuries also increased with age in boys and in the higher maturity offset group in girls. Injury rate was higher for both sexes in the no sports participation group. Early-maturing girls, with higher bone age and lower maturity offset, showed higher injury rate.Conclusion:Injuries in Portuguese youth were related to PA level, age, and biological maturation. Recreational, school, and federated athletes had more injury ocurrences while subjects with no sports participation had higher injury risk. Older subjects had more injuries. Early-maturing girls that had just passed peak height velocity may be particularly vulnerable to risk of sports injury because of the growing process.Clinical Relevance:Increased knowledge about injury with specific PA exposure data is important to an overall risk management strategy. This study has deepened the association between injury and biological maturation variables.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

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Physical Activity–Related Injury Profile in Children and Adolescents According to Their Age, Maturation, and Level of Sports Participation

2017

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“…According to the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, a limited base of knowledge exists regarding burnout and overtraining injuries in elite youth athletes 108. The difficult nature of quantifying overtraining and injury with regard to “hours played” or “hours practiced” does not allow for concrete guidelines of how much sport or exercise is too much 109.…”

Section: Physical/physiological Risks For Injury In Elite Youth Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduced sense of athletic accomplishment is manifested in a perception of low ability with regard to performance and skill level. Manifesting itself in a loss of motivation, such sport devaluation, may lead to enhanced risk of injury 108. By fostering protective factors such as optimism, elite young athletes may, therefore, reduce stress and burnout, thus minimizing injury risk.…”

Section: Strategies To Ensure Physical and Emotional Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The elite young athlete: strategies to ensure physical and emotional health

Sabato¹,

Walch²,

Caine³

2016

OAJSM

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This article presents a current review of the risk of physical and psychological injury associated with participation in elite youth sport, and suggests strategies to ensure the physical and emotional health of these young athletes. Although there is lack of epidemiological data, especially with regard to psychological injury, preliminary data suggest that the risk of injury is high in this population. While there is lack of incident and follow-up data, there is also concern regarding burnout, disordered eating, and the long-term consequences of injury. Modifiable injury risk factors identified include postural control, competition anxiety, life events, previous injury, and volume of training. There are presently no studies designed to determine the effectiveness of injury prevention measures in elite youth sports. However, there is adequate evidence arising from injury prevention studies of youth sports participants – including neuromuscular training, protective equipment, mental training to enhance self-esteem, and sport rules modification – to prevent injuries in elite youth sports settings. Although not tested, psychosocial prevention strategies such as adoption of task-oriented coping mechanisms, autonomous support from parents, and a proactive organizational approach also show promise in injury prevention.

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“…9,10,12-14,16-18,20,24,30,34-36,41,45,48,53,58,66,81-83,88 While specific mechanisms of injury are heterogeneous and differ by sport, the physis, as the weakest part of the bone, is a site highly prone to injury in youth athletes. 12,13,15,27 …”

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Overuse Physeal Injuries in Youth Athletes

et al. 2017

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Context:Despite rising awareness of the risks associated with sports participation, overuse injuries continue to increase in youth athlete populations. Physeal injuries are one type of overuse injury exclusive to pediatric populations that are often sustained during athletic practice or competition. Overuse physeal injuries are, in theory, preventable; however, little consensus has been reached surrounding the risk factors, prevention, and treatment strategies.Objective:This systematic review summarizes the best available evidence concerning overuse physeal injuries in youth and adolescent athletes. It can be used to develop prevention and treatment programs specific to this population.Data Sources:PubMed and Academic Search Complete (EBSCOhost) were explored using the keyword physeal injuries from January 1950 through May 2015 to identify 24 studies.Study Selection:Original research studies of athletic populations with mechanisms of injury related to sport were chosen.Study Design:Systematic review.Level of Evidence:Level 3.Data Extraction:Data were extracted as available from 24 eligible studies. Study quality was rated using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine (OCEBM) guidelines.Results:Risk factors for injury include periods of accelerated growth, chronological age, body size, training volume, and previous injury. Injury prevention strategies currently emphasize participation limitations and sport-specific training programs in skeletally immature athletes. The most effective treatment after an overuse physeal injury was an extended period of active rest and joint immobilization when necessary.Conclusion:Overuse physeal injuries are multifactorial in nature. Muscular imbalances after accelerated growth periods predispose young athletes to overuse injuries. Modifiable risk factors such as flexibility, strength, and training volume should be regularly monitored to prevent these injuries.

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Overuse Injuries and Burnout in Youth Sports

Cited by 196 publications

References 145 publications

Physical Activity–Related Injury Profile in Children and Adolescents According to Their Age, Maturation, and Level of Sports Participation

Physical Activity–Related Injury Profile in Children and Adolescents According to Their Age, Maturation, and Level of Sports Participation

The elite young athlete: strategies to ensure physical and emotional health

Overuse Physeal Injuries in Youth Athletes

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