Overt and hidden forms of chronic malnutrition in the rat and their relevance to man

Resnick, Oscar; Morgane, Peter J.; Hasson, Rachelle; Miller, Maravene

doi:10.1016/0149-7634(82)90007-0

Cited by 55 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…On the other hand moderate isocaloric maternal nutrient restriction of protein produces outwardly normal neonates as measured by body and brain weights at birth [137]. However, disturbances in brain biochemistry are found in these offspring leading to the conclusions that moderate nutrient restriction is not as benign as it might appear and that brain and body weights are poor indicators of normalcy of brain function [138].…”

Section: The Igf System and Brain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

The insulin-like growth factor system and the fetal brain: Effects of poor maternal nutrition

McDonald

Nijland

Nathanielsz

2007

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system plays indispensable roles in pre- and post-natal brain growth and development. A large body of studies using both in vivo null mutant and transgenic mice and in vitro neuronal culture techniques indicate that IGF-I acts directly on the brain while IGF-II effects are mediated to a large extent by IGF-II control of placental growth. It appears that all of the mechanisms, except migration, that are involved in normal brain development, e.g., proliferation, apoptosis, maturation and differentiation, are influenced by IGF-I. While IGF system members are produced in the brain, recent reports in post-natal animals indicate that normal brain health and function are dependent upon transfer of circulating IGF-I from the liver and its transfer across the blood brain barrier. Data showing that this phenomenon applies to pre-natal brain growth and development would make an important contribution to fetal physiology. A number of kinase pathways are able to participate in IGF signaling in brain with respect to nutrient restriction; among the most important are the PI3K/AKT, Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK and mTOR-nutrient sensing pathways. Both maternal and fetal IGF-I peripheral plasma concentrations are greatly reduced in nutrient restriction while IGF-II does not appear to be affected. Nutrient restriction also affects IGF binding protein concentrations while effects on the IGF-I receptor appear to vary with the paradigm. Studies on the effects of nutrient restriction on the fetal primate brain in relation to activity of the IGF system are needed to determine the applicability of rodent studies to humans.

show abstract

Section: The Igf System and Brain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

The insulin-like growth factor system and the fetal brain: Effects of poor maternal nutrition

McDonald

Nijland

Nathanielsz

2007

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several studies have demonstrated that severe postnatal protein malnutrition (6% protein diet) starting at birth or at weaning, and maintained throughout the period of development of the SNC and sexual maturity (50 days of age), leads to malnutrition in rats, which can be clearly demonstrated by the signifi cant defi cit in body weight gain over the treatment (nutritional insult), since this physical parameter is always accompanied by lower brain weight and smaller body length (for a review see Alamy & Bengelloun, 2012;Resnick, Morgane, Hasson, & Miller, 1982). In earlier studies, correlation analyses between body and brain weights are most frequently used in order to determine the nutritional status of malnourishment in early life as an overt physical development parameter (Alamy & Bengelloun, 2012;Lima, Oliveira, Lachat, Dal-Bo, & Almeida, 1993;Wolf et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acute stress on learning and memory processes of malnourished rats

Vales¹,

Fukuda²,

Almeida³

2014

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstr actThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of acute stress on the processes of learning and memory in malnourished rats tested in the Morris water maze. The animals were divided into eight groups according to nutritional status (malnourished or well nourished) and stress (stressed or unstressed). In Experiment I the animals were subjected to immobilization stress procedure before the learning session and in Experiment II after the learning sessions. The test consisted of two daily sessions, and a memory test after four weeks. There was loss of learning and memory in malnourished rats. In Experiment I the malnourished group was positively affected by acute stress, with signifi cant improvement of performance. No effects of stress on the animals' performance in Experiment II were observed. In the memory test, the malnourished rats showed defi cits in consolidation and recall, regardless of the occurrence of stress. The stress imposed 24 hours before the learning task improved performance of malnourished animals with a protective effect of stress. However there was no improvement in the processes of retention or recall from memory (previously learned information) assessed four weeks later, during the memory retention test. Keywords: Protein malnutrition, acute stress, learning, spatial memory. ResumoO objetivo do estudo foi investigar os efeitos do estresse agudo sobre os processos de aprendizagem e memória em ratos desnutridos testados no labirinto aquático de Morris. Os animais foram divididos em oito grupos de acordo com a condição nutricional (desnutridos ou bem nutridos) e estresse (não estressados ou estressados). No Experimento I os animais foram submetidos ao procedimento de estresse por imobilização antes da sessão de aprendizagem e no Experimento II após as sessões de aprendizagem. O teste consistiu de duas sessões diárias e um teste de memória após quatro semanas. Houve prejuízos de aprendizagem e memória em ratos desnutridos. No Experimento I o grupo desnutrido foi positivamente afetado pelo estresse agudo, apresentando melhora signifi cativa de desempenho. Não foram observados efeitos do estresse sobre o desempenho dos animais no Experimento II. No teste de memória os ratos desnutridos apresentaram défi cits de consolidação e evocação, independentemente da ocorrência de estresse. O estresse imposto 24 horas antes da tarefa de aprendizagem melhorou o desempenho de animais desnutridos com um efeito protetor do estresse. Entretanto não houve melhora nos processos de retenção ou evocação da memória (informações previamente aprendidas), avaliados quatro semanas mais tarde, durante o teste de retenção de memória. Palavras-chave: Desnutrição proteica, estresse agudo, aprendizagem e memória espacial. Mailing address:

show abstract

“…Since pre-pregnancy dietary protein intake correlates better with offspring alterations than influenced by the pregnancy itself [15], protein and salt variables were manipulated during the developmental stages of pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation. Pre-pregnancy diets were given over a shorter time period of 21-27 days for a marginal deficiency prior to pregnancy, rather than the 56 days required for complete deficiency to avoid severe retardation of the offspring, making comparisons difficult between the study groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In certain Japanese populations, cerebrovascular complications, which are associated with high salt/low protein diets [13]. The effect of dietary salt on hypertension [13] and maternal protein deficiency on behavioral parameters in children [14][15][16] suggest that a great segment of the population may consume food with high salt/low protein content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heterogeneous glomerular growth in susceptible genetic strains needs high pressure gradients and/or glomerular hypertension to adapt and maintain glomerular filtration [21,22]. These adaptations, which eventually lead to glomerulosclerosis [15,22], can be among the factors that account for differences in renal damage induced by hypertension and age in two genetic models of hypertension [14,22,23]. In renal function tests, some studies suggest that amino acid (AA) infusion induces vasodilation and increases the GFR in normotensive rats, but not in SHR [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Perinatal Protein-Nacl Diets on Offspring's Blood Pressure and Renal Function in Lewis Rats

Lee¹,

Azar²

2013

TOHYPERJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perinatal diets may affect the cardiovascular-renal functions of offspring. To understand effects of maternal diet on the renal function and blood pressure (BP) of offspring, protein (10% low, LP; 23% normal, NP) and/or NaCl (4% high salt, HS; 0.6% normal, NS) diets were started at pre-pregnancy through pups' weaning to either a 4% high NaCl (hs) or 0.6% NaCl (ns) diet. Telemetered BP data was analyzed by methods of linear least square rhythmometry. Systolic BPs (circadian mean ±SE mm Hg) were: NPNSns, 131±2; NPNShs, 137±2; NPHSns, 137±0.2; NPHShs, 134±3; LPNSns, 138±1; LPNShs, 138±0.6; LPHSns, 135±2; LPHShs, 142±2. Offspring in NPNShs and NPHSns had significantly increased SBPs versus NPNSns (both P<0.05). Most LP-offspring had increased SBP (P<0.01 to <0.05) and lower body weight (BW) with smaller glomerular filtration rate changes (renal reserve, RR-GFR) following overnight acute highprotein loads: RR-GFRs (inulin, ml/min/g kidney) for groups stated above were, respectively: 0.935; 0.927; 0.537; -0.064; -0.229; 0.057; -0.515; -0.404. The kidney weight/BW ratio of offspring was higher on hs-than on ns-diets (all P<0.001). Rats on a low caloric diet had reduced sclerotic glomerular numbers compared to those on normal diets (11.2±1 vs. 15.7±2, P<0.001), though glomerular numbers were similar in both groups.In summary, perinatal LP-HS diets significantly affected the BW, BP, renal injuries and kidney function of offspring. RR was seriously reduced, especially among offspring in hs-and perinatal LP groups. The most interesting result was the glomerular maturation staging in the pups, which suggests delayed nephrogenesis by a maternal LP diet.

show abstract

Overt and hidden forms of chronic malnutrition in the rat and their relevance to man

Cited by 55 publications

References 68 publications

The insulin-like growth factor system and the fetal brain: Effects of poor maternal nutrition

The insulin-like growth factor system and the fetal brain: Effects of poor maternal nutrition

Effects of acute stress on learning and memory processes of malnourished rats

Effects of Perinatal Protein-Nacl Diets on Offspring's Blood Pressure and Renal Function in Lewis Rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About