Overlooked Benefits of using Polyclonal Antibodies

Ascoli, Carl A.; Aggeler, Birte

doi:10.2144/btn-2018-0065

Cited by 103 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Using mAbs in their recombinant form and defining them unambiguously at the molecular level by publishing their V L and V H domain sequences is a step towards achieving this goal and elevate reproducibility world-wide. Among the different forms of research and diagnostic Abs, polyclonal Ab preparations have unique benefits (65), due to the presence of Abs recognizing distinct epitopes on the target protein. However, in any of the diverse forms in which they are available (antiserum, IgG fractions, affinity-purified) polyclonal Abs are inherently limited by their intrinsic lack of precise molecular definition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Toolbox of IgG Subclass-Switched Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies for Enhanced Multiplex Immunolabeling of Brain

Andrews¹,

Boeckman²,

Manning³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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24Generating recombinant monoclonal antibodies (R-mAbs) from mAb-producing hybridomas offers 25 numerous advantages that increase the effectiveness, reproducibility, and transparent reporting 26 of research. We report here the generation of a novel resource in the form of a library of 27 recombinant R-mAbs validated for neuroscience research. We cloned immunoglobulin G (IgG) 28 variable domains from cryopreserved hybridoma cells and input them into an integrated pipeline 29 for expression and validation of functional R-mAbs. To improve efficiency over standard protocols, 30 we eliminated aberrant Sp2/0-Ag14 hybridoma-derived variable light transcripts using restriction 31 enzyme treatment. Further, we engineered a plasmid backbone that allows for switching of the 32 IgG subclasses without altering target binding specificity to generate R-mAbs useful in 33 simultaneous multiplex labeling experiments not previously possible. The method was also 34 employed to rescue IgG variable sequences and generate functional R-mAbs from a non-viable 35 cryopreserved hybridoma. All R-mAb sequences and plasmids will be archived and disseminated 36 from open source suppliers. 37Modern techniques employing Abs as immunolabels [e.g., immunoblotting (IB), 63 immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC)] utilize simultaneous multiplexing 64 of numerous Abs to simultaneously detect multiple targets within a single cell or tissue sample. 65This allows for direct comparison of the relative amounts and respective characteristics of multiple 66 target molecules within the same sample, while reducing the number of samples needed to 67 accomplish a comprehensive analysis. Typically, the individual primary Abs bound to the sample 68 are detected with secondary antibodies conjugated to distinct reporters, most commonly organic 69 fluorescent dyes, although enzymes, gold particles, etc. are also routinely employed as detection 70 modalities. Multiplex labeling is often accomplished using Abs raised in distinct species, with their 71 subsequent individual detection accomplished using species-specific secondary antibodies. 72However, mouse mAbs offer an important advantage for multiplex labeling procedures. Each 73 mouse mAb is a single immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype, generally of the IgG class and if so specifically 74 of a single IgG subclass, most commonly IgG1, IgG2a or IgG2b. Mouse mAbs of distinct IgG 75 subclasses can be robustly, reliably and specifically detected with commercial subclass-specific 76 secondary antibodies, and, as such, can be multiplexed in a manner analogous to Abs from 77 different species [e.g., (14-18)]. One limitation to greater adoption of this approach is that mouse 78 mAb collections generally have an extremely high representation (≈70%) of IgG1 mAbs (18), 79 which limits the flexibility of multiplex labeling. The conversion of mAbs into R-mAbs allows for 80 their subsequent engineering into forms with properties distinct from their parent mAb, as is 81 routinely done to impact diverse aspects, including ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Toolbox of IgG Subclass-Switched Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies for Enhanced Multiplex Immunolabeling of Brain

Andrews¹,

Boeckman²,

Manning³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) have multi-epitope binding properties; however, there is a finite supply and an inability to rigorously define the clonal composition in a polyclonal mix means performance can vary batch-to-batch. Their ability to bind multiple epitopes also has the potential to be a burden – while advantageous for some applications, this could be a source of troublesome background and cross-reactivity [3]. …”

Section: Even Stars Have Their Flawsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, some have suggested the complete phasing out of pAbs is required, yet others disagree [3]. It has also been suggested that recombinant versions of all mAbs should be produced.…”

Section: Solving the Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carl Ascoli (Rockland Immunochemicals Inc., PA, USA) and Birte Aggeler (Bio-Techne, MN, USA) agree that end-users are key: “The perspective of researchers will likely evolve, resulting in a better understanding of when, and when not, to use an antibody in a ‘fit-for-purpose’ manner” [3]. They also feel that universal standards for application-specific antibody validation are needed.…”

Section: Solving the Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibodies: Will Their Star Continue to Rise?

Lake¹

2019

BioTechniques

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“…With an attention score of 351 (Figure 1), it is clear that this article has reached many readers via several platforms, including 44 news outlets, two tweets, one facebook page, one google+ user and five readers on Mendeley. Interestingly, this article highlights the best practices for developing and using polyclonal antibodies, pitfalls to their use and how to avoid them, in addition to benefits to the life science community [4]. …”

Section: Journal Content Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%