Overexpression of the Long Non-coding RNA SChLAP1 Independently Predicts Lethal Prostate Cancer

Abstract

The long noncoding RNA SChLAP1 is overexpressed in a subset of prostate cancers (PCa), and high SChLAP1 expression according to in situ hybridization (ISH) independently predicts biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Importantly, although biochemical recurrence is a significant clinical outcome, it is not a validated surrogate for PCa-related mortality. Thus, we evaluated the association between SChLAP1 expression and development of lethal PCa in a large cohort of American men with PCa and long-term follow-up. SChLAP1 ISH was performed on tissue microarrays containing representative formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded PCa tissue from all patients and scored using a semiquantitative method (ISH score range 0–400). Hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between SChLAP1 expression and time to development of lethal PCa were estimated using multivariable Cox regression analysis. Of the 937 patients evaluated, 89 (9.5%) had high SChLAP1 expression (ISH score ≥100), which in patients treated with radical prostatectomy was strongly associated with development of lethal PCa independent of age, Gleason score, pathologic stage, and PTEN status (HR 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1–4.1). These results suggest that SChLAP1 may be a useful tissue-based biomarker for identifying PCa patients at higher risk of lethal progression.

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Age and Gender Associations of Virus Positivity in Merkel Cell Carcinoma Characterized Using a Novel RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay

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What Can Be Expected from Prostate Cancer Biomarkers A Clinical Perspective

“…SChLAP1, expressed at higher levels, has been proved to correlate with disease progression and poor outcome after radical prostatectomy in patients with localized PCa [109]. The test was validated in multi-institutional studies in predicting both metastases [34,110] and disease-specific survival [34,111]. Although clinical evidence on SChLAP1 in situ hybridization is being constantly updated, its prognostic features for prediction of pathologic outcome, metastases, BCR and survival have already been confirmed by meta-analysis [112].…”