Overcrowding and exposure to secondhand smoke increase
risk for COVID-19 infection among Latinx families in the
greater San Francisco Bay Area

Mendez, Andrea DeCastro; Escobar, Milagro; Romero, María Falcón; Wojcicki, Janet M.

doi:10.18332/tid/140827

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our research is in line with previous studies reporting that elderly patients with COVID-19 were more likely to progress to severe disease 11 . The current smoking rate of COVID-19 patients was lower than the overall smoking rate of the population in Indonesia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Association between cigarette smoking patterns and severity of COVID-19: Findings from a study in 15 private Hospitals in Indonesia

Rachmawati¹,

Nurmansyah²,

Suraya³

et al. 2023

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION Indonesia is ranked fourth among countries with the highest smoking rates and has the highest number of male smokers globally. This study aimed to assess the association between cigarette smoking patterns and the severity of COVID-19 among patients in 15 Indonesian hospitals. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to August 2020 using medical records of 490 COVID-19 patients, including the history of their smoking patterns from 15 private referral hospitals in 5 provinces. The severity was defined based on the Guidelines on the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Health, which was indicated by the care provided to patients, namely outpatient, inpatient, and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) services for mild, moderate, and severe symptoms. Smoking patterns were grouped based on adult tobacco use classifications of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS The results showed that 69.8% of respondents had not smoked cigarettes, 17.1% were active smokers, and 13.1% were former smokers. A significant difference was seen in the number of cigarettes smoked by patients in the ICU, inpatients, and outpatients, among current smokers and passive smokers (p=0.018 and p=0.005, respectively). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the severity of COVID-19 among current smokers, former smokers, and nonsmokers. The time from when smoking was stopped among former smokers was not associated with the severity of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in COVID-19 severity between groups of smokers. Passive smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked by smokers daily were associated with the severity of COVID-19. Smoke-free policies should be implemented continuously to protect people from the dangers of secondhand smoke.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Secondhand smoke exposure is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic lung disease 13 . A previous study showed that exposure to secondhand smoke may also be associated with an increased risk for infection 11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association between cigarette smoking patterns and severity of COVID-19: Findings from a study in 15 private Hospitals in Indonesia

Rachmawati¹,

Nurmansyah²,

Suraya³

et al. 2023

Tob. Induc. Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Income inequality and COVID-19 in the USA

Amate-Fortes,

Guarnido-Rueda,

Martínez-Navarro

et al. 2023

Critical Public Health

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Household and social characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine intent among Latino families in the San Francisco Bay Area

Wojcicki¹,

Escobar²,

Mendez³

et al. 2022

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Latinos have had higher case counts, hospitalization rates and deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic nationally and in the state of California. Meanwhile, Latino vaccination rates remain lower than those of non-Hispanic Whites. COVID-19 vaccine nonintent, defined as intent to not vaccinate against COVID-19, among Latino individuals continues to be an issue in the state of California. Methods Families from three Latino longitudinal mother–child cohorts previously recruited in the San Francisco Bay Area were surveyed telephonically from February to June 2021 to assess attitudes towards vaccination against COVID-19 and prior vaccination, in general, for themselves and their children. Risk for vaccine nonintent was assessed using the Mann–Whitney rank sum non-parametric test for continuous predictors and chi-squared tests for categorical ones. Results Three hundred and nineteen families were surveyed from the Telomere at Birth (TAB), Hispanic Eating and Nutrition (HEN) and Latino Eating and Diabetes Cohort (LEAD). Approximately 36% from TAB and 28% from HEN/LEAD indicated COVID-19 vaccine nonintent for themselves and/or their children. Risk factors for vaccine nonintent included lower maternal age (p = 0.01), concern about vaccine side effects (p < 0.01) and prior history of a household members being infected with SARS-CoV-2 (p < 0.01) and indexes of household crowding including number of people sharing a bathroom (p = 0.048). Vaccine intent was also associated with receiving vaccine input from friends (p = 0.03), family (p < 0.01) and/or coworkers (p = 0.02) compared with those who were not planning on getting vaccinated against COVID-19. Conclusions Latino families living in crowded living situations who may not have received any COVID-19 advice from family, coworkers or friends are at particular risk for nonintent for vaccinatation against COVID-19. Community-based grassroots or promotor/a based interventions centered on trusted individuals with close community ties and counseling concerning vaccination against COVID-19 could help boost vaccination rates in this population group.

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Overcrowding and exposure to secondhand smoke increase risk for COVID-19 infection among Latinx families in the greater San Francisco Bay Area

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Association between cigarette smoking patterns and severity of COVID-19: Findings from a study in 15 private Hospitals in Indonesia

Association between cigarette smoking patterns and severity of COVID-19: Findings from a study in 15 private Hospitals in Indonesia

Income inequality and COVID-19 in the USA

Household and social characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine intent among Latino families in the San Francisco Bay Area

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