Overcompensation in Response to Mammalian Herbivory: From Mutulastic to Antagonistic Interactions

Paige, Ken N.

doi:10.2307/1941456

Cited by 172 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Distinct decreases in WUE under the grazing scenario were mainly distributed in regions with high D r values, and overgrazing severely inhibited grass growth. Conversely, increases in WUE under the grazing scenario were mainly distributed in regions with low D r values, and moderate grazing, which can support the proper grass-livestock balance, may promote grass growth [51,53,54].…”

Section: Effects Of Grazing On Grassland Npp Et and Wuementioning

confidence: 96%

Ecological Effects of Grazing in the Northern Tianshan Mountains

Huang

Luo

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:Identifying the effects of grazing is critical for the conservation, protection and sustainable use of arid grassland ecosystems. However, research regarding the ecological effects of grazing along mountainous elevation gradients is limited in arid areas, particularly at the regional scale. Using the Biome-BGC grazing model, we explored the effects of grazing on grassland net primary productivity (NPP), evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) from 1979 to 2012 along an elevation gradient in the northern Tianshan Mountains. The NPP, ET and WUE values were generally lower under the grazing scenario than under the ungrazed scenario; the differences between the grazing and ungrazed scenarios showed increasing trends over time; and distinct spatial heterogeneity in these differences was observed. Distinct decreases in NPP and WUE under the grazing scenario mainly occurred in regions with high livestock consumption. The decrease in ET was greater in mountainous areas with high grazing intensity due to decreased transpiration and increased surface runoff. This study contributes to a better understanding of the ecological effects of grazing along an elevation gradient in the northern Tianshan Mountains and provides data to support the scientific management of grassland ecosystems.

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Section: Effects Of Grazing On Grassland Npp Et and Wuementioning

confidence: 96%

Ecological Effects of Grazing in the Northern Tianshan Mountains

Huang

Luo

et al. 2017

Water

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“…In both years, plants had only recently initiated bolting and neither bud nor flower formation had occurred by the time that clipping treatments were applied. Although we imposed clipping artificially, several studies (Paige andWhitham 1987, Bergelson andCrawley 1992a,b;Paige 1992a,b,) have shown that the regrowth response of scarlet gilia is similar between clipped and naturally grazed plants.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAIRWISE VERSUS DIFFUSE NATURAL SELECTION AND THE MULTIPLE HERBIVORES OF SCARLET GILIA, IPOMOPSIS AGGREGATA

Juenger

Bergelson

1998

Evolution

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Abstract.-Recent theoretical studies have argued that plant-herbivore coevolution proceeds in a diffuse rather than a pairwise manner in multispecies interactions when at least one of two conditions are met: (1) genetic correlations exist between plant resistances to different herbivore species; and (2) ecological interactions between herbivores sharing a host plant cause nonadditive impacts of herbivory on plant fitness. We present results from manipulative field experiments investigating the single and interactive fitness effects of three types of herbivory on scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata) over two years of study. We utilize these data to test whether selection imposed by herbivore attack on date of first flowering is pairwise (independent) or diffuse (dependent) in nature. Our results reveal complex patterns of the fitness effect of herbivores. Simulated early season browsing had a strong negative fitness effect on plants and also reduced subsequent insect attack. Surprisingly, this ecological interaction did not translate into significant interactions between clipping and insect manipulations on plant fitness. However, we detected a significant interaction between seed fly and caterpillar herbivory on plant fitness, with the negative effect of either insect being greatest when occurring alone. These results suggest that herbivore-imposed selection may have pairwise and diffuse components. In our selection analysis of flowering phenology, we discovered significant pairwise linear selection imposed by clipping, diffuse linear selection imposed by insects, and diffuse nonlinear selection imposed by clipping and insect attack acting simultaneously. Our results reveal that the evolution of flowering phenology in scarlet gilia may be in response to diffuse and pairwise natural selection imposed by multiple herbivores. We discuss the evolution of resistance characters in light of diffuse versus pairwise forms of linear and nonlinear selection and stress the complexity of selection imposed by suites of interacting species.Key words.-Diffuse coevolution, Heliothis phloxiphagus, Hylemya, lpomopsis aggregata, multispecies coevolution, pairwise coevolution, plant-herbivore interaction, scarlet gilia.Received November 10, 1997. Accepted June 25, 1998.A central question in plant evolutionary ecology is how plants and animals coevolve. Despite a wide theoretical interest in coevolution (reviewed in Thompson 1994), we have little empirical information on how interacting species impose selection or the dynamics of reciprocal evolutionary responses. This is particularly true of multispecies systems. Plants rarely interact with single herbivore species in isolated two-species interactions, but rather must cope with the collective damage from a suite of diverse herbivores. (Strong et al. 1984;Karban 1989;Maddox andRoot 1987, 1990;Marquis 1990 Marquis , 1992. These herbivores are often taxonomically disparate, attack plants at different life stages, damage different plant tissues, vary in their impacts on plant fitness, a...

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“…repair and regrowth of tissue) for loss due to herbivory, leading to an overcompensation in production. In these latter cases, the plant-animal interaction is considered 'beneficial herbivory' or 'overcompensation' (sensu Paige & Whitham 1987, Paige 1992, 1999, Lennartsson et al 1998, Agrawal 2000. The 2 herbivore response strategies (i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangrove response to attack by a root boring isopod: root repair versus architectural modification

Brooks¹,

Bell²

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The nature of the plant-animal interaction between wood-boring isopods and the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle L. has been controversial, with discussion ranging from the damage caused by the isopod being detrimental to beneficial for the mangroves they attack. Initiation of lateral roots by the mangrove in response to isopod burrowing has been one of the most commonly cited examples as support for the concept of beneficial herbivory. In this study, the possibility of root repair as a response of Rhizophora to burrowing by Sphaeroma terebrans Bate was evaluated. Previously burrowed prop roots were tagged in the field and the fate of all burrows followed over 14 wk at a site in Upper Tampa Bay, Florida. Results demonstrated that the most common response of the mangrove was to repair abandoned isopod burrows, with 99% of all tagged roots and 66% of all monitored burrows showing signs of repair. Lateral root production occurred at a lower frequency (32% of roots). Similarly, transect surveys performed in Upper Tampa Bay and 2 additional locations (Anna Maria Island and Weedon Island) indicated a high incidence (57 to 82%) of attacked aerial roots showing signs of burrow repair. Again, lateral root production was less commonly noted on transects (13 to 25% of the roots surveyed). Initiation of lateral roots and burrow repair were not mutually exclusive responses and all instances of lateral root production were in conjunction with repair. Our results demonstrate that the most common response to damage is the replacement of root tissue rather than the stimulation of new tissue production.KEY WORDS: Beneficial herbivory · Florida · Isopod · Mangrove · Plant-animal interaction · Prop root · Repair · Rhizophora mangle · Sphaeroma terebrans · Tolerance · Wood borer Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 231: [85][86][87][88][89][90] 2002 sation (i.e. repair and regrowth of tissue) for loss due to herbivory, leading to an overcompensation in production. In these latter cases, the plant-animal interaction is considered 'beneficial herbivory' or 'overcompensation' (sensu Paige & Whitham 1987, Paige 1992, 1999, Lennartsson et al. 1998, Agrawal 2000. The 2 herbivore response strategies (i.e. avoidance and tolerance) may not be mutually exclusive, however, and some species may demonstrate levels of both (Fineblum & Rausher 1995, Mauricio et al. 1997.The red mangrove Rhizophora mangle L. produces aerial prop roots from the bole, trunk, and other aboveground roots which grow down through the water column and eventually attach to the substratum (Gill & Tomlinson 1977). The aerial portion of these prop roots has secondary vascular development and thick surface cells that are not found in the subterranean part of the root once it attaches (Gill & Tomlinson 1975). Worldwide, the wood boring isopod Sphaeroma terebrans Bate exploits the intertidal habitat created by prop roots in the fringing red mangrove (Rehm & Humm 1973, Estevez 1978. The relationship between S. ...

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Overcompensation in Response to Mammalian Herbivory: From Mutulastic to Antagonistic Interactions

Cited by 172 publications

References 25 publications

Ecological Effects of Grazing in the Northern Tianshan Mountains

Ecological Effects of Grazing in the Northern Tianshan Mountains

PAIRWISE VERSUS DIFFUSE NATURAL SELECTION AND THE MULTIPLE HERBIVORES OF SCARLET GILIA, IPOMOPSIS AGGREGATA

Mangrove response to attack by a root boring isopod: root repair versus architectural modification

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