Overcoming the uncanny valley: Displays of emotions reduce the uncanniness of humanlike robots

Koschate, Miriam; Potter, Richard; Bremner, Paul; Levine, Mark

doi:10.1109/hri.2016.7451773

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The reviewed studies in this research stream mostly take place in single countries, which span most of the world, including Korea [136,138,202], Japan [128][129][130]147,188,192,193,196,253,286], India [255], and China [223,243,301] in Asia. France [5,6,43], the Netherlands [91,92,230,258,283,284], Finland [102], Germany [195,233,264], Italy [17], Spain [89], Sweden [7], and the United Kingdom [28,38,146,157,213,279] in Europe; as well as the United States [27,49,50,93,115,119,142,145,153,159,165,…”

Section: Geographical Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disciplines: Most of the studies have their origins in the field of robotics [5,6,43,115,138,145,179,196,202,223,283,284,301], human-computer interaction [38, 93,111,128,129,230], or HRI [27,49,50,91,92,113,114,136,146,157,159,165,188,195,213,218,221,243,255,258,279]. Emotional reactions to HRI also have attracted considerations of social interactions, as detailed in research into behavioral robotics [28], cognitive science [102], ergonomics [119], social robotics [142,147,192], and psychology [253].…”

Section: Geographical Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, cognitive appraisal theory [83] and the hierarchical model of cognitive appraisal, [198] provide a framework for developing artificial agents that are capable of exhibiting emotional responses [150]. Finally, the uncanny valley paradigm [146,234,264], first introduced by Mori [184,185,274], helps to predict humans' emotional responses to robots, according to their human-likeness (i.e., extent to which they resemble humans [172]). Examined relationships regarding emotions.…”

Section: Geographical Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Survey of Emotions in Human–Robot Interactions: Perspectives from Robotic Psychology on 20 Years of Research

Stock‐Homburg

2021

Int J of Soc Robotics

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Knowledge production within the interdisciplinary field of human–robot interaction (HRI) with social robots has accelerated, despite the continued fragmentation of the research domain. Together, these features make it hard to remain at the forefront of research or assess the collective evidence pertaining to specific areas, such as the role of emotions in HRI. This systematic review of state-of-the-art research into humans’ recognition and responses to artificial emotions of social robots during HRI encompasses the years 2000–2020. In accordance with a stimulus–organism–response framework, the review advances robotic psychology by revealing current knowledge about (1) the generation of artificial robotic emotions (stimulus), (2) human recognition of robotic artificial emotions (organism), and (3) human responses to robotic emotions (response), as well as (4) other contingencies that affect emotions as moderators.

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Section: Geographical Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geographical Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geographical Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey of Emotions in Human–Robot Interactions: Perspectives from Robotic Psychology on 20 Years of Research

Stock‐Homburg

2021

Int J of Soc Robotics

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“…机器人外观的拟人化甚至还会影响人们对其道德判断 [23] , 增加使用者对其犯错的接受程度 [24] . 此外, 还有研究者专门分析拟人化外观的各个方面(如面部特征、身体特征等), 探讨不同方面对人们感知机器人拟人化程度的影响 [25,26] , 足可见拟人化外观在机器人研 [28] ; 也有研究者直接从美学的角度出发, 提出机器人外观的吸引力能够减轻"恐怖谷"效应 [29,30] ; 另外还有研究者则认为是高度拟人化造成了死亡思想的可及性(accessibility), 从而导致"恐怖谷"效应的产生 [31] . 虽然关于 "恐怖谷"效应机制的研究结论尚未达成一致, 但是无可否认的一点是, 机器人的研究者和设计者应当在理论和实践中探索拟人化的最佳水平, 警惕"恐怖谷"效应可能导致人们对机器人的负面态度 [32] .…”

Section: 拟人化是在机器人外观研究中最为热点的一个问题unclassified

Factors that influence robot acceptance

Xu¹,

Ye²

2019

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…But the small range of methodologies for investigating the valley, in turn, has lead to conflicting findings. For example, amongst studies utilizing few robots or non-embodied robot stimuli, there are both many studies which fail to find a valley effect (or find the opposite – more positive responding to the most humanlike stimuli; e.g., Bartneck et al, 2009 ; Kupferberg et al, 2011 ; Piwek et al, 2014 ) as well as many that confirm its existence (e.g., Saygin et al, 2012 ; Koschate et al, 2016 ; Strait et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Uncanny: Both Atypical Features and Category Ambiguity Provoke Aversion toward Humanlike Robots

Strait

Floerke

et al. 2017

Front. Psychol.

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Robots intended for social contexts are often designed with explicit humanlike attributes in order to facilitate their reception by (and communication with) people. However, observation of an “uncanny valley”—a phenomenon in which highly humanlike entities provoke aversion in human observers—has lead some to caution against this practice. Both of these contrasting perspectives on the anthropomorphic design of social robots find some support in empirical investigations to date. Yet, owing to outstanding empirical limitations and theoretical disputes, the uncanny valley and its implications for human-robot interaction remains poorly understood. We thus explored the relationship between human similarity and people's aversion toward humanlike robots via manipulation of the agents' appearances. To that end, we employed a picture-viewing task (Nagents = 60) to conduct an experimental test (Nparticipants = 72) of the uncanny valley's existence and the visual features that cause certain humanlike robots to be unnerving. Across the levels of human similarity, we further manipulated agent appearance on two dimensions, typicality (prototypic, atypical, and ambiguous) and agent identity (robot, person), and measured participants' aversion using both subjective and behavioral indices. Our findings were as follows: (1) Further substantiating its existence, the data show a clear and consistent uncanny valley in the current design space of humanoid robots. (2) Both category ambiguity, and more so, atypicalities provoke aversive responding, thus shedding light on the visual factors that drive people's discomfort. (3) Use of the Negative Attitudes toward Robots Scale did not reveal any significant relationships between people's pre-existing attitudes toward humanlike robots and their aversive responding—suggesting positive exposure and/or additional experience with robots is unlikely to affect the occurrence of an uncanny valley effect in humanoid robotics. This work furthers our understanding of both the uncanny valley, as well as the visual factors that contribute to an agent's uncanniness.

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Overcoming the uncanny valley: Displays of emotions reduce the uncanniness of humanlike robots

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Survey of Emotions in Human–Robot Interactions: Perspectives from Robotic Psychology on 20 Years of Research

Survey of Emotions in Human–Robot Interactions: Perspectives from Robotic Psychology on 20 Years of Research

Factors that influence robot acceptance

Understanding the Uncanny: Both Atypical Features and Category Ambiguity Provoke Aversion toward Humanlike Robots

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