Overcome Drug Resistance in Cholangiocarcinoma: New Insight Into Mechanisms and Refining the Preclinical Experiment Models

Zheng, Qingfan; Zhang, Bin; Li, Changfeng; Zhang, Xuewen

doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.850732

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 167 publications

(161 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nonetheless, the outcome of GEM/CIS therapy is modest with an unacceptably low 28% response rate (RR) ( 4 ). The low RR is attributable to inherited or adoptive drug resistance after the treatment ( 5 ). Continued urgent study in GEM/CIS resistance in CCA is, therefore, essentially necessary, and a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of drug resistance will facilitate the development of both improved and novel therapies for CCA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining the SMAC mimetic LCL161 with Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin therapy inhibits and prevents the emergence of multidrug resistance in cholangiocarcinoma

Prasopporn

Suppramote²,

Ponvilawan³

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly lethal gastrointestinal malignancy that has one of the worst prognoses among solid tumors. The combination of Gemcitabine + Cisplatin (GEM/CIS) remains the standard first-line treatment for advanced stage CCA. However, this drug combination yields only a modest objective response rate, and in cases that initially respond to this treatment, drug resistance commonly rapidly develops. To improve the efficiency of GEM/CIS therapy for CCA, a thorough understanding of the mechanism of GEM/CIS resistance in CCA is required. To that end – in this study, we developed several acquired GEM/CIS-resistant CCA cell lines and we screened those cell lines for acquired vulnerability. The screening process revealed that subset of CCA with GEM/CIS resistance acquired vulnerability to the small-molecule second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics LCL161 and Birinapant. The observed acquired vulnerability was found to be associated with upregulation of an inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (cIAP2), a known target of SMAC mimetics. LCL161 or cIAP2-shRNA downregulated cIAP2 and restored the sensitivity to GEM/CIS in GEM/CIS-resistant CCA cell lines and in in vivo GEM/CIS-resistant xenograft models. A strong synergic effect was observed when LCL161 was added to GEM/CIS. Interestingly, this synergism was also observed in drug-naïve CCA cell lines, xenografts, and patient-derived organoids. This triplet therapy also prevented the emergence of multidrug-resistant CCA in in vitro and in vivo models. Our findings suggest that activation of cIAP2 allows CCA to escape GEM/CIS, and that suppression of cIAP2 reestablishes the apoptotic profile of CCA, thus restoring its vulnerability to GEM/CIS. The results of this study indicate that combining the SMAC mimetic LCL161 with GEM/CIS inhibits and prevents the emergence of multidrug resistance in CCA.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining the SMAC mimetic LCL161 with Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin therapy inhibits and prevents the emergence of multidrug resistance in cholangiocarcinoma

Prasopporn

Suppramote²,

Ponvilawan³

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…iCCA is a highly locally invasive malignant tumor causing a poor patient prognosis. Drug-based therapeutic choices are very limited and almost ineffective against this disease [ 40 , 41 ]. Cancer cells can respond to drug treatment by activating complex mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOC).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crenigacestat blocking notch pathway reduces liver fibrosis in the surrounding ecosystem of intrahepatic CCA viaTGF-β inhibition

Mancarella

Gigante

Serino

et al. 2022

J Exp Clin Cancer Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly malignant tumor characterized by an intensive desmoplastic reaction due to the exaggerated presence of the extracellular (ECM) matrix components. Liver fibroblasts close to the tumor, activated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and expressing high levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), become cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs are deputed to produce and secrete ECM components and crosstalk with cancer cells favoring tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Overexpression of Notch signaling is implicated in CCA development and growth. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Notch inhibitor, Crenigacestat, on the surrounding microenvironment of iCCA. Methods We investigated Crenigacestat’s effectiveness in a PDX model of iCCA and human primary culture of CAFs isolated from patients with iCCA. Results In silico analysis of transcriptomic profiling from PDX iCCA tissues treated with Crenigacestat highlighted “liver fibrosis” as one of the most modulated pathways. In the iCCA PDX model, Crenigacestat treatment significantly (p < 0.001) reduced peritumoral liver fibrosis. Similar results were obtained in a hydrodynamic model of iCCA. Bioinformatic prediction of the upstream regulators related to liver fibrosis in the iCCA PDX treated with Crenigacestat revealed the involvement of the TGF-β1 pathway as a master regulator gene showing a robust connection between TGF-β1 and Notch pathways. Consistently, drug treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced TGF-β1 mRNA and protein levels in tumoral tissue. In PDX tissues, Crenigacestat remarkably inhibited TGF-β signaling and extracellular matrix protein gene expression and reduced α-SMA expression. Furthermore, Crenigacestat synergistically increased Gemcitabine effectiveness in the iCCA PDX model. In 31 iCCA patients, TGF-β1 and α-SMA were upregulated in the tumoral compared with peritumoral tissues. In freshly isolated CAFs from patients with iCCA, Crenigacestat significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited Notch signaling, TGF-β1 secretion, and Smad-2 activation. Consequently, Crenigacestat also inactivated CAFs reducing (p < 0.001) α-SMA expression. Finally, CAFs treated with Crenigacestat produced less (p < 005) ECM components such as fibronectin, collagen 1A1, and collagen 1A2. Conclusions Notch signaling inhibition reduces the peritumoral desmoplastic reaction in iCCA, blocking the TGF-β1 canonical pathway.

show abstract

“…Indeed, CCAs are divided into three subtypes depending on their anatomical site of origin: intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA), and distal (dCCA) CCA [136]. The high mortality of CCA is due to its silent presentation, together with its aggressive nature and resistance to chemotherapy [137]. Moreover, patients with CCA are frequently asymptomatic in the early stages of the tumor, and around 70% of them are diagnosed at advanced phases when the malignancy is widespread [138].…”

Section: Senescence In Cholangiocarcinoma (Cca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Senescence in Liver Cancer: How Dying Cells Become “Zombie” Enemies

Gazzillo,

Volponi,

Soldani

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Liver cancer represents the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. The heterogeneity of its tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major contributing factor of metastasis, relapse, and drug resistance. Regrettably, late diagnosis makes most liver cancer patients ineligible for surgery, and the frequent failure of non-surgical therapeutic options orientates clinical research to the investigation of new drugs. In this context, cellular senescence has been recently shown to play a pivotal role in the progression of chronic inflammatory liver diseases, ultimately leading to cancer. Moreover, the stem-like state triggered by senescence has been associated with the emergence of drug-resistant, aggressive tumor clones. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have emerged to investigate senescence-associated hepatocarcinogenesis and its derived therapies, leading to promising results. In this review, we intend to provide an overview of the recent evidence that unveils the role of cellular senescence in the most frequent forms of primary and metastatic liver cancer, focusing on the involvement of this mechanism in therapy resistance.

show abstract

Overcome Drug Resistance in Cholangiocarcinoma: New Insight Into Mechanisms and Refining the Preclinical Experiment Models

Cited by 11 publications

References 167 publications

Combining the SMAC mimetic LCL161 with Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin therapy inhibits and prevents the emergence of multidrug resistance in cholangiocarcinoma

Combining the SMAC mimetic LCL161 with Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin therapy inhibits and prevents the emergence of multidrug resistance in cholangiocarcinoma

Crenigacestat blocking notch pathway reduces liver fibrosis in the surrounding ecosystem of intrahepatic CCA viaTGF-β inhibition

Cellular Senescence in Liver Cancer: How Dying Cells Become “Zombie” Enemies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About