Over 10 attenuation length gigabits per second underwater wireless optical communication using a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) based receiver

Zhang, Long; Tang, Xinke; Sun, Caiming; Chen, Zhe; Li, Zhongyi; Wang, Hongjie; Jiang, Rui; Shi, Wu; Zhang, Aidong

doi:10.1364/oe.397942

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The values of other parameters characterize the classical channel of the UWOC system. According to [41], the attenuation length, which is defined as the multiple of the transmission distance and attenuation coefficient, is used to represent the link transmission distance to remove the ambiguity of distance and various water conditions. In addition, with the assumption of negligible slot time delay spread, the degradation of signal bandwidth and the intersymbol caused by channel transmission can be ignored.…”

Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Comparison and Analysis of Several Intensity Modulations Based on the Underwater Photon-Counting Communication System

Han

Chang

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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Underwater wireless optical communication is facing absorption, scattering problems, which, in principle, can be greatly resolved by underwater photon-counting communication (UPCC) technology that exhibits high-sensitivity communication characteristics in long-range underwater wireless optical communication. Recent studies on UPCC are mainly focused on a single intensity modulation such as on–off keying (OOK) and pulse position modulation (PPM) technologies, and the comprehensive analysis of communication performance combing OOK modulation and digital pulse modulations remains a lack. To this, by using a UPCC system based on a single-photon avalanche diode, we reveal the communication performances of OOK, PPM, differential pulse interval modulation (DPIM), differential pulse position modulation (DPPM), and dual-header pulse interval modulation, and find that (1) the PPM has the longest transmission distance at the same bit error ratio when M > 2, but the lowest communication rate under identical modulation bandwidth and average transmit power; and (2) the DPPM and DPIM perform the optimum communication performance at the fixed communication rate when M = 8. We thus conclude that the DPPM and DPIM have advantages of low modulation bandwidth and long time slot time compared with PPM, indicating the significance of reducing the difficulty of signal synchronization and the complexity of the underwater photon-counting system accordingly.

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Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Comparison and Analysis of Several Intensity Modulations Based on the Underwater Photon-Counting Communication System

Han

Chang

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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“…Previously, the performance of SiPM receivers has been predicted [8][9][10][11][12] or determined experimentally [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The experimental results include transmitting 400 Mbps at a bit error rate (BER) of 1.8x10 -3 to a custom-made 2.8 mm by 2.6 mm SiPM with an irradiance of 1.4 mWm -2 [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giga-Bit Transmission Between an Eye-Safe Transmitter and Wide Field-of-View SiPM Receiver

Ali¹,

Faulkner²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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In this paper, the performance of a wide field of view VLC receiver that includes a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is reported. In particular, a receiver field of view of ±45 o and On-Off keying data rates of 1.8 Gbps are demonstrated in 500 lux of ambient light. These results are achieved by combining optical absorption filters with a 6 mm by 6 mm SiPM. By absorbing ambient light between 450 nm and 750 nm these filters ensure that the SiPM is not saturated and reduces the transmitter power needed to support the required data rate. Unlike other optical filters the performance of absorption filters is not sensitive to angle of incidence. Consequently, the FOV is explained by a combination of the changes to the receiver's projected area, the path length of light in the filters and reflections from the filter surfaces. In addition, the results of the calculations, described by the IEC 62471:2006 safety standard, needed to determine the eye safety of a transmitter are reported. These calculations and the resulting irradiance levels available in a representative office scenario are used to show that data rates of more than 1 Gbps could be achieved with eye safe transmitters.

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“…In the previous studies of SiPM based receivers in optical wireless communications, on-off keying (OOK) was used as the modulation method [8], [10], [11]. Despite the nonlinear response of the SiPM detector, a transmission data rate of 3.45 Gbps has been demonstrated [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Pre-Equalization in a Silicon Photomultiplier-Based Optical OFDM System

Ahmed

Collins

2021

IEEE Access

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In this paper, the performance of a new time domain signal pre-equalization method for use with optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) based receiver is studied. A SiPM contains a large array of microcells and each microcell is able to detect single photons. Therefore, a SiPM can be used to create arguably the most sensitive optical receiver, which can detect light intensity signals by counting the number of arriving photons within each signal sampling period. However, each photon detection triggers an avalanche-and-quenching process and the related microcell becomes inactive for a recovery time of several nanoseconds. Consequently, any photons arriving during this period cannot be detected. This effect can cause a non-linear distortion of the received signal and, when the OFDM sampling period is short, also introduces interference between signal samples. In this paper, a new signal pre-equalization method is specifically designed to compensate for the impact of the finite recovery time. In this method, the number of active microcells during the transmission of each OFDM signal sample is first estimated. Then, the amplitude of the time domain signal sample is pre-adjusted based on the predicted fraction of microcells that are active. Using this approach, the negative impacts of the recovery time of the microcells are significantly reduced. The results that are presented show that when this new form of pre-equalization is used the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system is improved for a wide range of irradiance levels.

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Over 10 attenuation length gigabits per second underwater wireless optical communication using a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) based receiver

Cited by 47 publications

References 22 publications

A Comprehensive Comparison and Analysis of Several Intensity Modulations Based on the Underwater Photon-Counting Communication System

A Comprehensive Comparison and Analysis of Several Intensity Modulations Based on the Underwater Photon-Counting Communication System

Giga-Bit Transmission Between an Eye-Safe Transmitter and Wide Field-of-View SiPM Receiver

Signal Pre-Equalization in a Silicon Photomultiplier-Based Optical OFDM System

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