Ovarian Hormones: Structure, Biosynthesis, Function, Mechanism of Action, and Laboratory Diagnosis

Gupta, Manjula K.; Chia, Sin-Eng

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6837-0_1

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…These steroid hormones can be synthesized by the enzymes in the distinctive steroid-producing cells of the ovary. The enzymes are located in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum and include ve hydroxylases, two dehydrogenases, a reductase, and an aromatase (41). Among these important enzymes, 17β-HSD and CYP19 were predicted in our KEGG enrichment results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…INSR and IGF1R are important for follicular development, ovulation, and luteinization, as demonstrated by the conditional knockout of INSR and IGF1R mice (42). CYP17A1 works only in theca cells to transform pregnenolone to androgens, providing the substrate for CYP19 to convert to estrogens (41). HSD17B2, AKR1C3 (HSD17B5), and CYP19A1 are involved not only in steroid hormone biosynthesis but also in ovarian steroidogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of Action of Zishen Yutai pills in Treating Premature Ovarian Failure Determined by Integrating UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and Network Pharmacology Analysis

Dang

Zhang

Su³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Zishen Yutai (ZSYT) pill, a patent Chinese medicine, has been widely used in the treatment of infertility, abortion, and adjunctive treatment of in vitro fertilization (IVF) for decades. Recently, the results of clinical observations showed that premature ovarian failure (POF) patients exhibited improved expression of steroids and clinical symptoms associated with hormone disorders after treatment with ZSYT pills. However, the pharmacological mechanism of action of these pills remains unclear.Methods: The components of ZSYT found in blood circulation were identified via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technique in the serum of POF mice after oral administration of ZSYT pills. The potential targets of components were screened using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database, Traditional Chinese Medicine Database@Taiwan, Drugbank Database, PubChem, HIT, Pharmapper, and SwissTargetPrediction. The target genes associated with POF were collected from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man Database, PharmGkb, Genecards, therapeutic target database, and Genetic Association Database. The overlapping genes between the potential targets of ZSYT components and the target genes associated with POF were clarified via protein-protein interaction (PPI), pathway, and network analysis.Results: Nineteen components in ZSYT pills were detected in the serum of POF mice after oral administration. A total of 695 ZSYT-related targets was screened, and 344 POF-related targets were collected. From the results of ZSYT-POF PPI analysis, CYP19A1, AKR1C3, ESR1, AR, and SRD5A2 were identified as key targets via network analysis, indicating their core role in the treatment of POF with ZSYT pills. Moreover, the pathway enrichment results suggested that ZSYT pills treat POF primarily by regulating neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and ovarian steroidogenesis.Conclusions: We demonstrated that regulation of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and ovarian steroidogenesis are very likely to be therapeutic mechanism of ZSYT pills in treating POF. Our study suggests that combining the analysis of ZSYT pills components in blood in vivo in the POF models and network pharmacology prediction may offer a tool to characterize the mechanism of ZSYT pills in the POF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Action of Zishen Yutai pills in Treating Premature Ovarian Failure Determined by Integrating UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and Network Pharmacology Analysis

Dang

Zhang

Su³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These steroid hormones can be synthesized by the enzymes in the distinctive steroid-producing cells of the ovary. The enzymes are located in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum and include five hydroxylases, two dehydrogenases, a reductase, and an aromatase [ 46 ]. Among these important enzymes, 17β-HSD and CYP19 were predicted in our KEGG enrichment results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…INSR and IGF1R are important for follicular development, ovulation, and luteinization, as demonstrated by the conditional knockout of INSR and IGF1R mice [ 47 ]. CYP17A1 works only in theca cells to transform pregnenolone to androgens, providing the substrate for CYP19 to convert to estrogens [ 46 ]. HSD17B2, AKR1C3 (HSD17B5), and CYP19A1 are involved not only in steroid hormone biosynthesis but also in ovarian steroidogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of action of Zishen Yutai pills in treating premature ovarian failure determined by integrating UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and network pharmacology analysis

Dang

Zhang²,

Su³

et al. 2022

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background Zishen Yutai (ZSYT) pill, a patent Chinese medicine, has been widely used in the treatment of infertility, abortion, and adjunctive treatment of in vitro fertilization (IVF) for decades. Recently, the results of clinical observations showed that premature ovarian failure (POF) patients exhibited improved expression of steroids and clinical symptoms associated with hormone disorders after treatment with Zishen Yutai pills. However, the pharmacological mechanism of action of these pills remains unclear. Methods The compounds of Zishen Yutai pills found in blood circulation were identified via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technique in the serum of POF mice after oral administration of Zishen Yutai pills. The potential targets of compounds were screened using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database, Traditional Chinese Medicine Database@Taiwan, Drugbank Database, PubChem, HIT, Pharmapper, and Swiss Target Prediction. The target genes associated with POF were collected from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man Database, PharmGkb, Genecards, Therapeutic Target Database, and Genetic Association Database. The overlapping genes between the potential targets of Zishen Yutai pills’ compounds and the target genes associated with POF were clarified via protein-protein interaction (PPI), pathway, and network analysis. Results Nineteen compounds in Zishen Yutai pills were detected in the serum of POF mice after oral administration. A total of 695 Zishen Yutai (ZSYT) pill-related targets were screened, and 344 POF-related targets were collected. From the results of Zishen Yutai (ZSYT) pill-POF PPI analysis, CYP19A1, AKR1C3, ESR1, AR, and SRD5A2 were identified as key targets via network analysis, indicating their core role in the treatment of POF with Zishen Yutai pills. Moreover, the pathway enrichment results suggested that Zishen Yutai pills treated POF primarily by regulating neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and ovarian steroidogenesis. Conclusions Via virtual screening, we found that regulation of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and ovarian steroidogenesis was the potential therapeutic mechanism of Zishen Yutai pills in treating POF. Our study suggested that combining the analysis of Zishen Yutai pills’ compounds in blood in vivo in the POF model and network pharmacology prediction might offer a tool to characterize the mechanism of Zishen Yutai pills in the POF.

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“…5 The greatest determinant of menopausal symptoms is the concentration of serum estradiol, which is the most potent form of estrogen. 6 Serum estradiol greatly reduces over a period of 4 years, starting 2 years before the final menstrual period and stabilizing approximately 2 years after the final period. 6 The greater percentage of postmenopausal estrogen is from both the ovarian stromal and from the adrenal secretion of androstenedione, which is further converted to estrone in the peripheral circulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of serum estradiol concentration among postmenopausal women in Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria

et al. 2023

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Objectives There are limited data on the associated factors of circulating endogenous estradiol among Nigerian postmenopausal women. The main objective of this study is to assess the relationship between serum estradiol levels and some menstrual, clinical, and sociodemographic factors in postmenopausal women attending a family medicine clinic in Nigeria. Methods This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 372 postmenopausal women. Sociodemographic, menstrual, and clinical data of the participants were collected, and their serum estradiol concentrations were assayed. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21 statistical software. A χ 2 test of association and logistic regression analysis were done to identify significant correlates of serum estradiol concentration among the participants. Results The mean ages at menarche and menopause among the participants were 15.6 and 48.1 years respectively. Approximately half of them (51.1%) were receiving chronic medical care for systemic hypertension and/or diabetes. The mean estradiol concentration of the participants in the study was 20.69 pg/mL. The participants' marital status and clinical presentation pattern (chronic vs others) were found to have statistically significant associations with their serum estradiol concentration; P = 0.048 and P = 0.001, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that only the clinical presentation pattern had a significant relationship with serum estradiol concentration among the participants (P = 0.002). Conclusion Of all the studied factors, the only significant correlate of low serum estradiol concentration found in this study was chronic medical care presentation for hypertension and/or diabetes.

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Ovarian Hormones: Structure, Biosynthesis, Function, Mechanism of Action, and Laboratory Diagnosis

Cited by 7 publications

References 189 publications

Mechanisms of Action of Zishen Yutai pills in Treating Premature Ovarian Failure Determined by Integrating UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and Network Pharmacology Analysis

Mechanisms of Action of Zishen Yutai pills in Treating Premature Ovarian Failure Determined by Integrating UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and Network Pharmacology Analysis

Mechanisms of action of Zishen Yutai pills in treating premature ovarian failure determined by integrating UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and network pharmacology analysis

Correlates of serum estradiol concentration among postmenopausal women in Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria

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