Ovarian cancer population screening and mortality after long-term follow-up in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS): a randomised controlled trial

Menon, Usha; Gentry‐Maharaj, Aleksandra; Burnell, Matthew; Singh, Naveena; Ryan, Andy; Karpinskyj, Chloe; Carlino, Giorgio; Taylor, Julie; Massingham, Susan; Raikou, Maria; Kalsi, Jatinderpal; Woolas, Robert; Manchanda, Ranjit; Arora, Rupali; Casey, Laura; Dawnay, Anne; Dobbs, Stephen; Leeson, Simon; Mould, Tim; Seif, Mourad W.; Sharma, Aarti; Williamson, Karin; Liu, Yiling; Fallowfield, Lesley; McGuire, Alistair; Campbell, Stuart; Skates, Steven J.; Jacobs, Ian; Parmar, Mahesh

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00731-5

Cited by 399 publications

(358 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Although population screening might be an effective measure to control cancer-caused mortality, the effectiveness of general population screening for women’s cancers needs further validation in the real world. A recent randomized controlled trial in UK showed that annual transvaginal ultrasound screening increased the incidence rate of Stage I/II ovarian and tubal cancer but decreased the incidence rate of Stage III/IV ovarian and tubal cancer, relative to non-screening [ 45 ]. Notably, there was no significant reduction in disease-specific death in annual transvaginal ultrasound screening group, indicating the general population screening for ovarian cancer might be unnecessary at present stage [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological trends of women’s cancers from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based study

Niu

et al. 2021

Biomark Res

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Background Every year around the world, more than 2 million women are diagnosed with breast cancer and genital tract cancers. However, there are rare studies comprehensively describing the global and regional trends of incidence and mortality of women’s cancers. Methods To study the burden and trend of women’s cancers, we conducted this cross-sectional study based on the epidemiologic data of Global Burden of Disease 2019. In this study, female patients with breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer worldwide from 1990 to 2019 were involved. The incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) were used to measure the outcomes of women’s cancers. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to assess the changing trend of cancer burden. Results Among the four women’s cancers, the burden of female breast cancer was highest. During the past 30 years, the incidence, death, and DALY of female breast cancer kept increasing worldwide. In most regions especially developing countries, cervical cancer was the second most common women’s cancer. At the same time, ovarian cancer and uterine cancer occurred less frequently. Generally, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer were positively correlated to sociodemographic index (SDI) value. In contrast, the ASIR of cervical cancer was negatively correlated to SDI value. Conclusions Our study indicates that the incidence and mortality of women’s cancers have geographical variations and change along with SDI value. The results might be helpful to policy-makers to allocate healthy resources to control women’s cancers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological trends of women’s cancers from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based study

Niu

et al. 2021

Biomark Res

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“…Early detection of ovarian cancer remains a significant analytical challenge and an important clinical need. The development of tests for early detection would allow the impact of earlier detection on disease outcome to be assessed [ 155 ]. If proven to be effective in increasing 5-year survival rates, the implementation of community-based screening programs, similar to those currently available for breast cancer, would dramatically decrease mortality and morbidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian-Cancer-Associated Extracellular Vesicles: Microenvironmental Regulation and Potential Clinical Applications

Croft

Sharma

Godbole

et al. 2021

Cells

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Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most diagnosed gynecological cancers in women. Due to the lack of effective early stage screening, women are more often diagnosed at an advanced stage; therefore, it is associated with poor patient outcomes. There are a lack of tools to identify patients at the highest risk of developing this cancer. Moreover, early detection strategies, therapeutic approaches, and real-time monitoring of responses to treatment to improve survival and quality of life are also inadequate. Tumor development and progression are dependent upon cell-to-cell communication, allowing cancer cells to re-program cells not only within the surrounding tumor microenvironment, but also at distant sites. Recent studies established that extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate bi-directional communication between normal and cancerous cells. EVs are highly stable membrane vesicles that are released from a wide range of cells, including healthy and cancer cells. They contain tissue-specific signaling molecules (e.g., proteins and miRNA) and, once released, regulate target cell phenotypes, inducing a pro-tumorigenic and immunosuppressive phenotype to contribute to tumor growth and metastasis as well as proximal and distal cell function. Thus, EVs are a “fingerprint” of their cell of origin and reflect the metabolic status. Additionally, via the capacity to evade the immune system and remain stable over long periods in circulation, EVs can be potent therapeutic agents. This review examines the potential role of EVs in the different aspects of the tumor microenvironment in OC, as well as their application in diagnosis, delivery of therapeutic agents, and disease monitoring.

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“…Ovarian cancer (OC) is the gynecological malignant tumor with the highest fatality rate in the female reproductive system [1,2]. Its lack of obvious pathological features, di culty in early diagnosis and lack of accurate tumor markers are all the reasons for poor prognosis of OC [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Exosome-Derived Fragile-Site Associated Tumor Suppressor is a Powerful Predictor of Prognosis in Patients with Ovarian Cancer

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective: To investigate the levels of plasma exosome-derived fragile-site associated tumor suppressor (FATS) and evaluate its predictive ability in ovarian cancer (OC) patients.Patients and Methods: Exosome-rich fractions were isolated from the plasma of enrolled 90 patients with OC. The levels of plasma exosome-derived FATS were detected with ELISA.Results: The levels of exosome-derived FATS in OC patient were significantly lower than in healthy controls (P < 0.001). The levels of plasma exosome-derived FATS were obviously higher in OC patients with low grade (1/2), FIGO stages I/II than high grade (3/4), stages III/ IV disease (P = 0.003; P < 0.001). The levels of plasma exosome-derived FATS were significantly higher in OC patients with no lymph node metastasis, no ascites than those with lymph node metastasis, ascites (both P < 0.001). The levels of plasma exosome-derived FATS were obviously higher in OC patients with CA-125 less than 35U/ml than more than 35U/ml (P < 0.001). Among all enrolled OC patients, both 5-DFS and 5-OS were shorter in patients who had low plasma exosome-derived FATS levels than that high levels (both P < 0.001). The AUROC of plasma exosome-derived FATS were 0.85(95% CI: 0.76-0.91) for 5-DFS, 0.91(95% CI: 0.83-0.96) for 5-OS prediction in patients with OC, respectively.Conclusions: Plasma exosome-derived FATS levels in OC patient were significantly down-regulated. Low levels of plasma exosome-derived FATS had close relationship with FIGO stages I/II, low grade, ascites, higher levels of CA-125, lymph node metastasis and prognosis of OC patients. Our findings may provide a new strategy in treating OC.

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Ovarian cancer population screening and mortality after long-term follow-up in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS): a randomised controlled trial

Cited by 399 publications

References 30 publications

Epidemiological trends of women’s cancers from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based study

Epidemiological trends of women’s cancers from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based study

Ovarian-Cancer-Associated Extracellular Vesicles: Microenvironmental Regulation and Potential Clinical Applications

Plasma Exosome-Derived Fragile-Site Associated Tumor Suppressor is a Powerful Predictor of Prognosis in Patients with Ovarian Cancer

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