Outstanding, yet redundant? After all, you may be another Choluteca Bridge!

et al. 2021

JPRI

Introduction: High fat induced (HFI) liver is associated with a high calorie intake and many other diet-induced complications, such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. HFI is the most common chronic liver disease that develops due to high fat intake. A wide range of liver injuries is associated with HFI, ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. The signs and symptoms of metabolic syndrome may be induced in rats by feeding them a diet rich in carbohydrates and fat. The aim of the study is Comparison of efficacy of the PAP (Papanicolaou) stain and H&E (Hematoxylin and eosin) stain in identifying the various changes in liver samples of high fat diet induced rat. Materials and Methods: Liver samples of Normal control group animal and High fat diet induced animal were sectioned, weighed fixed 10% neutral buffer formalin and mounted in DPX compound. Four micrometer sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and PAP stains for the histological examination of micro-vesicular and macro-vesicular steatosis in the liver tissue. The grading of steatosis was given from 0-3 based on the lipid accumulation (steatosis): grade 0 - absence; grade 1 - mild Steatosis (<30% hepatocyte); grade 2- moderate steatosis (30%-70% hepatocyte); grade3- severe steatosis (>70%hepatocytes). Efficacy of grade of PAP stain and H&E stain were accessed and statistically evaluated by considering seven parameters and overall staining characters where compared. Results: Our present study evaluated high fat induced hepatic steatosis of H&E and PAP stain and also evaluated efficacy of both the stain. In our study, Pie chart showing the percentage distribution of Number of micro-vesicles about 70% represents greater than 30, 10% represents 30-70, 20% represents less than 70 (Fig. 1). In our study 20% represents the greater than 30, 30% represents the 30-70, 50% represents Less than 70 (Fig. 2). 30% represents mild steatosis, 20% represents moderate steatosis, 50% represents Severe Steatosis (Fig. 3). Conclusion: We demonstrated the comparative efficiency of the PAP and H&E high fat diet induced rat liver by in vivo and conclude that both H&E and PAP stain has equal efficacy and clarity in observing the various minute parameters.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Efficacy of the Pap and H & E in Identifying the Various Changes in Liver Samples of High Fat Diet Induced Rat - In vitro Study

Sri

et al. 2021

JPRI

“…The futurescope of the study, we have planned to inject a drug (Ketamine hydrochloride with saline) into the rat and absorb the layers of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Our team has extensive knowledge and research experience that has translated into high quality publications [21,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Histological Features of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus of Albino Rats Using Haematoxylin & Eosin Stain- An Observational Study

Shreejha

et al. 2021

JPRI

Background: The study determined the histological layers of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the albino rat brain samples has been used in the study. The Cerebral cortex is composed of the Molecular layer, external granular, external pyramidal layer, internal granular layer and interior pyramidal layer. The layers of the hippocampus are alveus, stratum oriens, stratum pyramidale, stratum radiatum, stratum lacunosum and stratum moleculare. The aim of the study is to analyze the detailed histological features of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus layers of albino rats at the magnification of 10X,100X,40X. By using haematoxylin and eosin stain as an observational study. Materials and Methods: The samples were preserved and fixed with the formalin and stained by haematoxylin and eosin and observed with a light microscope. Results: The molecular layer is the superficial layer containing neurons. The outer granular layer of the cells are densely packed. Outer pyramidal layer contains rich pyramidal cells, Inner granular layer contains stellate cells, Inner pyramidal layer contains glial cells and the deeper multiform layer is composed of pyramidal cells. The hippocampus contains three layers of cornu Ammonia CA1, CA2, CA3. CA1 responds to memory and is covered by the choroid plexus. CA2 contains 3 major cell dentate gyrus, pyramidal cells, pyramidal neurons and CA3 composed of stratum lucidum. Conclusion: The study of brain analysis of histological features of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the brain adds a greater insight in understanding the histology of various types of layers in rat brain and morphology of brain cells.

“…With routine X-rays, this type of fracturing is often harder to spot. An impacted fracture means one fragment of bone enters another fragment when the bone is fractured [21]. An intra-articular fracture means where the fracture reaches through the joint surface.…”

Section: Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications in Fracture Healing-A Review

Gopalakrishnan

2021

JPRI

Complications are a reality in healing fractures. Most can be stopped or reduced by being aware of their pathophysiology. Others, though, are inevitable, but their Early diagnosis and effective treatment can help recovery. Significant complications Are Osteomyelitis, delayed union, non-union, malunion, premature union, which were a result of fracture repair. Keeping these complications into consideration Presurgical patient assessment as well as postoperative treatment should be taken into account. The goal of fracture repair is to ascertain rigid fixation and perfect alignment of the bone to permit each timely and maximized come to perform in the affected space. The particular injury, species and breed conformation, age, general health, concomitant malady processes, nutrition, and medications all play a job in healing and, therefore, response to the repair. However, these factors don't seem to be the sole determinants of outcome. the strategy of repair and surgical technique each play a vital role within the outcome of fracture management. For this reason, it's vitally necessary that the practitioner be aware of potential complications of fracture repair and take steps to stop them. This review centers on how these complications can be prevented, understood and handled.