Outlook on biorefinery potential of palm oil mill effluent for resource recovery

Chia, Wen Yi; Chong, Yen Yee; Chew, Kit Wayne; Vimali, Elamathi; Jayaram, Moorthy; Selvarajoo, Anurita; Muthuvelu, Kirupa Sankar; Varalakshmi, Perumal; Show, Pau Loke; Arumugasamy, Senthil Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2020.104519

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Frederick‐van Genderen 1 defined waste stabilisation ponds as lagoons with shallow dyked structures explicitly designed to treat wastewater by “self‐purification” and utilising natural biological, chemical and physical processes. It is a system that consists of a cooling pond, an anaerobic pond, a facultative pond, and followed by a maturation pond 2 . Furthermore, a waste stabilisation system is suitable for warm tropical countries due to their temperature and lengthy duration of exposure to sunlight, which offers high efficiency and satisfactory performance of the treatment process 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a system that consists of a cooling pond, an anaerobic pond, a facultative pond, and followed by a maturation pond. 2 Furthermore, a waste stabilisation system is suitable for warm tropical countries due to their temperature and lengthy duration of exposure to sunlight, which offers high efficiency and satisfactory performance of the treatment process. 3 The general palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment system by POMs in Malaysia is illustrated in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative analysis in the performances of four in‐ground lagoon anaerobic digesters treating palm oil mill effluent (POME)

Yusof

Chan

Chong

2023

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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While palm oil mill effluent (POME) from different sources will have varying characteristics due to the different process flows in mills, efficient monitoring and performance evaluation of anaerobic digesters in POME treatment are crucial to ensure stable biogas production with minimal operational problems. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate and compare the performances of in‐ground lagoon anaerobic digesters under mesophilic conditions in four different biogas plants (BGPs A, B, C and D) located in Malaysia with respect to total chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and total biogas produced. Results show that all BGPs are still functioning well with satisfactory methane yields (.135–.364 Nm3 CH4/kgCOD removed) and COD removal efficiencies (67%–85%). ANOVA analysis shows that organic loading rate (OLR), temperature (T) and recirculation ratio (RR) have significant effects on the COD removal and biogas production of all four plants. BGP B has the highest amount of biogas produced (4.12 × 105 Nm3/month) and COD removal rate amongst other BGPs due to its most stable and lowest T (<40°C), high RR, and consistent and high COD load. Conversely, BGP D has the lowest COD removal and biogas production, which are mainly contributed by a high COD inlet (92 000 mg/L) and a high T in the anaerobic digester (48.7°C). Despite having a similar design of an anaerobic digester, this comparative study reveals that different BGPs will have different optimum operating conditions and limitations, depending not only on the operating conditions of the BGP (OLR, T and RR) but also on the raw POME quality stemming from the palm oil milling process. A future study would be focused on the optimisation of four BGPs for maximum biogas removal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis in the performances of four in‐ground lagoon anaerobic digesters treating palm oil mill effluent (POME)

Yusof

Chan

Chong

2023

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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“…Palm oil is becoming a fast‐growing and essential agro‐industrial vegetable commodity in countries with tropical climates such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The palm oil industry is one of the most significant generators of agricultural waste, particularly palm oil mill effluent (POME) 20 . Each ton of crude palm oil (CPO) production will produce about 5–7.5 tons of POME 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The palm oil industry is one of the most significant generators of agricultural waste, particularly palm oil mill effluent (POME). 20 Each ton of crude palm oil (CPO) production will produce about 5-7.5 tons of POME. 21 Generally, POME refers to the liquid waste effluent resulting from various stages of palm oil processing including sterilization and digestion.…”

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confidence: 99%

Utilizing palm oil mill effluent (POME) for the immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae whole‐cell lipase strains for biodiesel synthesis

Rachmadona

Quayson

Amoah

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a palm industrial waste by‐product that is readily available and possesses high quantities of the organic compounds that are necessary for microbial growth. This study investigated the potential of immobilized Aspergillus oryzae whole cells expressing Candida antartica lipase B (r‐CALB) when using a POME‐based medium as a low‐cost carbon source within biomass support particles. The dry cell weight, hydrolytic activity, and remaining protein were measured for a variety of POME (0–2% w/v) and carbon source concentrations (0–2% w/v) with an incubation time of 96 h. Using POME in the culture medium as a carbon source instead of glucose doubled the retention of cell weight from 1.16 ± 0.03 to 2.36 ± 0.02 g within the biomass support particles and improved the hydrolytic activity from 1.61 ± 0.02 to 2.23 ± 0.02 U mg−1 in whole‐cell lipase. This immobilized r‐CALB was used as a catalyst to esterify POME into biodiesel. This synthesis produced an ester content of 97.52 ± 0.21% w/w after 96 h. Immobilized r‐CALB was reusable for more than ten batches, and resulted in an ethyl ester content of more than 90% w/w even after 10 cycles. The present study demonstrated that POME could serve as a sustainable carbon source for industrial microbial culture with the additional incentive of being a treatment that is inexpensive and sustainable. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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“…The reaction leaves ca. 10 wt% glycerol as a byproduct per unit weight of biodiesel produced [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. However, crude glycerol contains mineral impurities (phosphorous, calcium, alkali metals, unreacted fatty acids and methanol), which impose expensive purification to achieve practically exploitable purity for the conventional glycerol market (food and pharma industry).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Pyrolysis Synthesis of Mixed Oxides for Glycerol Steam Reforming

Conte

Esposito

Santo³

et al. 2021

Materials

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Flame spray pyrolysis was used to produce nanosized Ni-based catalysts starting from different mixed oxides. LaNiO3 and CeNiO3 were used as base materials and the formulation was varied by mixing them or incorporating variable amounts of ZrO2 or SrO during the synthesis. The catalysts were tested for the steam reforming of glycerol. One of the key problems for this application is the resistance to deactivation by sintering and coking, which may be increased by (1) improving Ni dispersion through the production of a Ni-La or Ni-Ce mixed oxide precursor, and then reduced; (2) using an oxide as ZrO2, which established a strong interaction with Ni and possesses high thermal resistance; (3) decreasing the surface acidity of ZrO2 through a basic promoter/support, such as La2O3; and (4) adding a promoter/support with very high oxygen mobility such as CeO2. A further key feature is the use of a high temperature synthesis, such as flame spray pyrolysis, to improve the overall thermal resistance of the oxides. These strategies proved effective to obtain active and stable catalysts at least for 20 h on stream with very limited coke formation.

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Outlook on biorefinery potential of palm oil mill effluent for resource recovery

Cited by 30 publications

References 122 publications

Comparative analysis in the performances of four in‐ground lagoon anaerobic digesters treating palm oil mill effluent (POME)

Comparative analysis in the performances of four in‐ground lagoon anaerobic digesters treating palm oil mill effluent (POME)

Utilizing palm oil mill effluent (POME) for the immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae whole‐cell lipase strains for biodiesel synthesis

Flame Pyrolysis Synthesis of Mixed Oxides for Glycerol Steam Reforming

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