Outlook of tourism recovery amid an epidemic: Importance of outbreak control by the government

Fong, Lawrence Hoc Nang; Law, Rob; Ye, Ben Haobin

doi:10.1016/j.annals.2020.102951

Cited by 113 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Concerns about safety and the need to rebuild consumer confidence and demand are reflected by the high percentage of respondents that strongly support improved COVID-19 screening at borders (83.0%), improved COVID-19 testing for the population (71.5%), and a 1-year waiver of entry fees to all tourist attractions (63.5%). This view is consistent with the finding in an earlier study conducted in Macau, China in February 2020 (Fong, Law, and Ye 2020). By using a phone survey of 228 residents the study found that the respondents' outlook for the tourism industry depended on their government's ability to control the COVID-19 epidemic.…”

Section: Demand For Government Interventionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism Enterprises in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: An Initial Assessment

Yamano¹,

Pradhananga²,

Schipani³

et al. 2020

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INTRODuCTION Before the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, travel and tourism contributed 10.4% to global gross domestic product (GDP) and supported 319 million jobs (World Travel and Tourism Council [WTTC] 2019). International tourist arrivals reached 1.5 billion in 2019, and the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) forecasted that international arrivals would grow by 3%-4% in 2020 (UNWTO 2020a). Arrivals in the Asia and Pacific region were expected to grow by 5%-6% in 2020. If managed well, this rapid expansion of tourism was expected to contribute to poverty reduction and inclusive growth (Chok, Macbeth, and Warren 2007; Mitchell and Ashley 2009; ADB 2017). Since March 2020, COVID-19 has paralyzed tourism as countries closed their borders, suspended commercial aviation, restricted domestic travel, and implemented physical distancing measures. The UNWTO reports 22% fewer international arrivals in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the same period in 2019, with the largest drop in the Asia and Pacific. In light of the pandemic, global arrivals could decline by up to 78% in 2020. This would place 120 million jobs at risk and reduce visitor exports by $1.2 trillion (UNWTO 2020b). Developing Asia, particularly tourism-dependent countries in Southeast Asia, is expected to be heavily affected (ADB 2020). The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) reported its first two COVID-19 cases on 24 March 2020 (Government of the Lao PDR, Ministry of Health n.d). A nationwide lockdown followed on 30 March 2020, prohibiting residents from leaving their homes except for essentials. All international ports of entry were closed to tourists, issuance of tourist visas suspended, and interprovincial travel banned. 2 Although hotels, resorts, and restaurants were allowed to continue operating under strict guidelines, travel restrictions severely undercut demand.

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Section: Demand For Government Interventionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism Enterprises in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: An Initial Assessment

Yamano¹,

Pradhananga²,

Schipani³

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, following a call for more research on strategies at the stage of recovery ( Ritchie & Jiang, 2019 ), we contribute to the ongoing debate in both academic research ( Fong, Law, & Ye, 2020 ) and society at large ( UN, 2020 ) by suggesting recovery strategies for museums. We recommend museums to seek—and policymakers to incentivize—corporate sponsorship from multiple, smaller companies to attract more visitors while preserving the authenticity of the museum's image, especially in times of crisis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corporate sponsorship for museums in times of crisis

Biraglia

Gerrath

2021

Annals of Tourism Research

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The COVID-19 pandemic causes museums to seek financial aid from corporate sponsors. However, corporate sponsorship may have negative consequences for museums in terms of their authenticity. In this study, we therefore examine whether the extraordinary circumstances caused by the COVID-19 crisis change tourists' perceptions of corporate sponsorship. Indeed, we find that tourists react more positively to corporate sponsorship if the health crisis is salient. Moreover, we show that corporate sponsorship by multiple smaller- and medium-sized companies generates more positive outcomes for museums than the effort of a single large company, in terms of perceived authenticity loss, visiting intentions, and willingness to pay.

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“…The COVID-19 outbreak is considered to be an impactful incident as well as a major health crisis in world history (Fong et al, 2020;Zenker and Kock, 2020). In December 2019, several cases of COVID-19 pneumonia were diagnosed in Wuhan, China, and then COVID-19 occurred in more than 200 countries and regions around the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the theory of planned behavior (TPB), people's beliefs are the psychological basis that drives specific behaviors (Ajzen, 1991). Belief restoration reflects individuals' intrinsic motivations and selfefficacy for organizational efforts and restoring the safety and stability of workplaces, which is a critical psychological premise driving employee behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic (Fong et al, 2020;Johnston and Johnson, 1989). Belief restoration via the influence of safety leadership on safety behavior has not been investigated and is an important research gap needing to be filled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responding to a major global crisis: the effects of hotel safety leadership on employee safety behavior during COVID-19

Zhang

Xie

Wang

et al. 2020

IJCHM

139

159

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of hotel safety leadership on employee safety behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the mediation role of belief restoration and the moderation role of perceived risk between safety leadership and behavior were also investigated. Design/methodology/approach The COVID-19 outbreak served as the background for a questionnaire survey of 23 hotels in China with 1,594 valid responses being received. The statistical analysis techniques used were exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression. Findings The results showed that: hotel safety leadership positively affected employee safety behavior (compliance, participation and adaptation); belief restoration partially mediated the influence of safety leadership on safety behavior; and perceived risk negatively moderated the direct effect and the mediation effect of “safety leadership – belief restoration – safety behavior.” Research limitations/implications The main limitation was that the questionnaires were collected with the same measurement system within a certain period of time (cross-sectional design). Then, future research should test and expand this conceptual model in different crises, business fields, theoretical orientation and cultural backgrounds. Practical implications Hotels should develop management strategies based on safety leadership and motivate and promote employee safety behavior from the four aspects of safety coaching, care, motivation and control. Originality/value This investigation expanded the research on the effectiveness of safety leadership and especially with respect to safety in the hospitality industry during a major global crisis. Also, the research conceptual model and variables contained therein are original contributions to the hospitality research literature.

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Outlook of tourism recovery amid an epidemic: Importance of outbreak control by the government

Cited by 113 publications

References 10 publications

The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism Enterprises in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: An Initial Assessment

The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism Enterprises in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: An Initial Assessment

Corporate sponsorship for museums in times of crisis

Responding to a major global crisis: the effects of hotel safety leadership on employee safety behavior during COVID-19

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