Outlook for clean air in the context of sustainable development goals

Rafaj, Peter; Kiesewetter, Gregor; Gül, Timur; Schöpp, Wolfgang; Cofała, J.; Klimont, Zbigniew; Purohit, Pallav; Heyes, C.; Amann, Markus; Borken‐Kleefeld, J.; Cozzi, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.08.008

Cited by 141 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…11 This scenario outlines an integrated approach to achieving internationally agreed objectives on climate change, air quality and universal access to modern energy. Further information is available at IEA-WEO (2017) and Rafaj et al (2018).…”

Section: Hfc Reduction Scenarios 160mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electricity savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions from global phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons

Purohit¹,

Höglund-Isaksson²,

Dulac³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are widely used as cooling agents in refrigeration and air conditioning, as solvents in industrial processes, as fire extinguishing agents, for foam blowing and as aerosol propellants. They have been the primary substitutes for ozone-depleting substances regulated under the Montreal Protocol (MP). However, HFCs are potent greenhouse gases (GHGs) and as such subject to global phase-down under the Kigali Amendment (KA) to the MP. In this study, we develop a range of long-term scenarios for HFC emissions under varying degrees of stringency in climate policy and assess co-benefits in the form of electricity savings and associated reductions in GHG and air pollutant emissions. Due to technical opportunities to improve energy efficiency in cooling technologies during the phase-down of HFCs, there exist potentials for significant electricity savings under a well-managed phase-down of HFCs. Our results show that annual pre-KA baseline emissions of HFCs are expected to increase from almost 0.5 to about 4.3 Gt CO2eq between 2005 and 2050 and reach between 6.2 and 6.8 Gt CO2eq in 2100. The growth is driven by a strong increase in demand for refrigeration and air conditioning services, which in turn is driven by an expected increase in per capita wealth in developing countries and a warmer future climate. We estimate that full compliance with KA means cumulative global HFC emissions that are 87 % lower than in the pre-KA baseline between 2018 and 2100. Also, the opportunity to simultaneously improve energy efficiency in stationary cooling technologies during such a transition could bring about additional climate benefits of about the same magnitude as that attributed to the phase-down of HFCs. If technical energy efficiency improvements are fully implemented, the resulting electricity savings could exceed a fifth of future global electricity consumption. Together with an HFC phase-down, this means preventing between 390 and 640 Gt CO2 equivalent of GHG emissions between 2018 and 2100, thereby making a significant contribution towards keeping the global temperature rise below 2 °C. Reduced electricity consumption also means lower air pollution emissions in the power sector, estimated at about 10 % for SO2, 16 % for NOx and 9 % for PM2.5 emissions, compared with a pre-KA baseline.

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Section: Hfc Reduction Scenarios 160mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electricity savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions from global phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons

Purohit¹,

Höglund-Isaksson²,

Dulac³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Likewise, in Ethiopia, 92% of the total energy consumption came from traditional fuel [4]. Without new policies, the number of people that rely on biomass fuels is expected to increase to 2.7 billion by 2030 (about one-third of the world's population) due to population growth [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Energy Properties of Fuelwood from Five Selected Tree Species in Tropical Highlands of Southeast Ethiopia

Desta

Seboka

2020

Journal of Energy

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The aim of this study was to determine the energy properties of fuelwood samples which are preferred and used by local communities. The study used both cross-sectional survey of households and field survey. Systematic household sampling was used for household and random sampling for tree species. The chosen sample sizes for households in the study were 134. The cross-sectional survey of the local community on orderly preference of fuelwood consumption listed Acacia nilotica, Acacia etbaica, Olea africana, Acacia seyal, and Acokanthera schimperi. However, for the laboratory result and detail principal component analysis (PCA) of tree species in their density and moisture, ash, volatile, and fixed carbon contents, Olea africana was strongly recommended for fuelwood preference followed by Acacia nilotica, Acacia etbaica, Acacia seyal, and Acokanthera schimperi. The identification of community preference and scientific assessment on fuelwood consumption on different tree species will enhance the expansion of their plantation program in the region.

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“…Currently, the world community is striving to increase the share of REn production and application in the economy, mainly due to the perspective of the environmental safety provision. This striving is determined by the Energies 2019, 12, 3948 5 of 30 possibility of obtaining additional energy resources and the proven ecological effect from the reduction of CO 2 emission [54,59,60], efficient processing of steadily accumulating biological wastes [61,62] and non-demanded agricultural resources [63][64][65]. In many countries of the world, there are state plans for development and use of green energy based on REn [66][67][68][69] which have confirmed their efficiency.…”

Section: General Trends Of Biofuel Production Development and Some Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuel Application as a Factor of Sustainable Development Ensuring: The Case of Russia

Титова

2019

Energies

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Diffusion of the biofuels (BF) using is justified by opening up the opportunities for obtaining fuel and energy from previously inaccessible sources and by the existence of energy-deficient regions, in particular in Russia. Works of different scientists on the problems of creating and using BF were the methodological basis of this study. Information on the state and prospects of the development of renewable energy sources in Russian regions was collected from regulatory documents and was obtained by employing a questionnaire survey. For the study of the collected materials, the different methods of comparative analysis, and the methods of expert assessments were used. The results of the Status-Quo analysis of BF production in Russia have shown that the creation of BF performed relatively successfully. However, there are many more perspectives, connected with expanding the utilization of the different raw materials. Also, the analysis of organizational and economic mechanisms applied for production of BF and the obtained data on several organizations-producers allowed for proposing six indexes for the assessment of the BF production effectiveness. It is suggested that BF production in Russia will contribute to the sustainable development of a number of the country's regions in the near future.Energies 2019, 12, 3948 2 of 30 impact of permanent anthropogenic factors has required the taking of appropriate measures in this field both at the federal and regional levels. In particular, the accumulation of industrial, agricultural, and household wastes is becoming an essential incentive for the development of innovative activities aiming at the production of biofuel (BF). According to the existing data [3], the resource potential of recyclable organic waste biomass, including solid household wastes and sediments of wastewaters reaches 13,490.26 tons of coal equivalent (TCE) per year in Russia. This study led both at the federal level and in particular regions which have significant differences in terms of economic, geographic, and climatic conditions. According to pessimistic forecasts, the share of green energy in the Russian economy will arrive at 3-5% by 2035, according to positive ones, it will be equal to 8-10%. The proposed share of BF in the production of electric and heat energy with targeted management could be about 2-3% [4].Different geographic, climatic, economic, and other conditions in regions of Russia necessitate solving several scientific problems for optimization of the existing regional programs for the provision of sustainable development and determination of the role of REn and BF production in them.Therefore, the progress in BF production achieved in some leading countries has become a significant factor which causes a positive impact on the sustainable development of their economies. This gives rise to the suggestion that Russia has some conditions for a more extensive application of REn, in particular, for BF production and use. Correspondingly, this article characterizes some general trends of B...

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Outlook for clean air in the context of sustainable development goals

Cited by 141 publications

References 38 publications

Electricity savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions from global phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons

Electricity savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions from global phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons

Determination of Energy Properties of Fuelwood from Five Selected Tree Species in Tropical Highlands of Southeast Ethiopia

Biofuel Application as a Factor of Sustainable Development Ensuring: The Case of Russia

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