Outline of Parasitology

Lapage, G.

doi:10.1038/177055a0

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For the present study, we focused on ascarids and lice parasitism for detailed investigation as they are important pathogens of village chickens and there is scarce relevant information regarding genetic resistance. We investigated the two most prevalent gastrointestinal ascarid nematodes; Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum , the eggs of which were identified using published keys28,50,51.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of local adaptation in sustainable production of village chickens

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Village chickens are ubiquitous in smallholder farming systems, contributing to household, local and national economies under diverse environmental, economic and cultural settings. However, they are raised in challenging environments where productivity is low while mortality is high. There is much interest in utilizing indigenous genetic resources to produce a chicken resilient to its environment, whilst providing the basis of an economically sustainable enterprise. Globally, however, a wide variety of interventions have so far proved unable to deliver sustainable improvements. Here, we show that regional differences in trait preferences and parasite burden are associated with distinct chicken genepools, likely in response to interacting natural and human-driven (economic and social) selection pressures. Drivers of regional differences include marketing opportunities, cultural preferences, agro-ecologies and parasite populations, and are evident in system adaptations, such as management practices, population dynamics and bird genotypes. Our results provide sound multidisciplinary evidence to support previous observations that sustainable poultry development interventions for smallholder farmers, including breeding programs, should be locally tailored and designed for flexible implementation.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of local adaptation in sustainable production of village chickens

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Table I shows the details. As all the larvae are believed to clear the caecal mucosa by the second to the fifth day (Lapage, 1956), it was proposed to sacrifice the chicks on the third day of infection. -do-20.2.1965 20.2.1965 20.2.1965 20.2.1965 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Tissue Responses in Primary and Subsequent Infections with Heterakis gallinae in Chickens and on the Process of Formation of Caecal Nodules

Kaushik

Deorani

1969

J. Helminthol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. In primary infections of chicks with 300 or 600 H. gallinae infective eggs, no clinical signs were apparent. Nodules were absent in all the experimental chicks as well as controls. Microscopically, few juveniles were observed in the caecal mucosa and the usual changes were mild congestion, few haemorrhages, and desquamation of superficial lining epithelial cells. Sections through a few thickened areas revealed a breached muscularis mucosa through which proliferated mucosal tissue had just invaginated into submucosa. The liver showed no changes.2. With primary infection of chicks with 300 or 600 infective H. gallinae eggs, and their subsequent infection after 25 days with 1,000 infective eggs, there were no clinical signs after either primary or secondary infections. Nodules of varying sizes were present on the caecal wall of infected birds only, their size and number varying with age of infection. Histopathologically, the types of nodules observed were, one associated with juveniles and the other with their absence; and nodules were present both in the invaginated mucosa and in the submucosa. It was confirmed that these caecal nodules were due to irritation by H. gallinae juveniles and their metabbolites, and that these nodules were more a reaction of already sensitised caeca to subsequent infections, a fact hitherto unreported. The liver showed nothing abnormal, and there was not much difference between the haematological values of experimental and control chicks.3. The actual process of formation of caecal nodules is demonstrated for the first time. The feasible explanation seems to be that on irritation of the already sensitised caeca by H. gallinae juveniles and their metabolites, hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue and epithelial cells results, which leads to a breach of the muscularis mucosa through which proliferated tissue of the mucosa invaginates. Later the muscularis mucosa constricts off and closes the nodule, the mucosa over it regenerates and becomes continuous. The present observations also indicate that the sterile nodular lesions usually found in natural infections may be the result of frequent infections, thus sensitising the chicks to subsequent infections.

show abstract

“…These two species, G.haemorrhoidalis and G.pecorum, possess such distinctive egg forms that colour need not be considered. Lapage (1956) claims that the egg of G.nasalis may be brown or black in addition to yellow. No other worker or this author's own experience with the G.nasalis egg can substantiate this assertion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key to the eggs of the equid stomach bot flies Gasterophilus Leach 1817 (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) utilizing scanning electron microscopy

Cogley¹

1991

Systematic Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A key to the eggs of the equid stomach bot flies is presented. Scanning electron photomicrographs of eggs are used to illustrate differences among the eight Gasterophilus species: The eggs include profile is the same for a particular species and is used as a key character for egg identification. Colour of eggs is used in some couplets but only as a supplemental character. Absence or presence of striae on the eggs is used as a primary contrasting character to separate G.pecorum from the other seven species. Shape of the striae varies on eggs of the same species, even those dissected from the same specimen, and is therefore deemed an unreliable taxonomic character for further separation of the Gasterophilus species. Eggs of the same species taken from specimens throughout the world appear the same in profile. Two sets of eggs require close inspection for adequate identification: G.inermis and G.nigricornis separated primarily by the shape of the microphylar region; and G.intestinalis and G.ternicinctus separated by the shape of the egg ventrum. All other eggs have very unique and distinctive profiles. Only G.pecorum was found to possess the Type-II egg attachment organ (AD) used for adherence of the egg to plants or flat surfaces. The eggs of the remaining seven species possess a Type-I AD used to attach the eggs to hair shafts. The type of AD and the degree that the Type-I AD is extended posteriorly were used as key characters in the first and second couplet respectively.

show abstract

Outline of Parasitology

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The role of local adaptation in sustainable production of village chickens

The role of local adaptation in sustainable production of village chickens

Studies on Tissue Responses in Primary and Subsequent Infections with Heterakis gallinae in Chickens and on the Process of Formation of Caecal Nodules

Key to the eggs of the equid stomach bot flies Gasterophilus Leach 1817 (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) utilizing scanning electron microscopy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About