Outer Foveolar Defect After Surgery for Idiopathic Macular Hole

Changes in Visual Acuity and Foveal Photoreceptor Integrity in Eyes With Chronic Cystoid Macular Edema Associated With Retinal Vein Occlusion

“…[13][14][15][16] Recent reports have indicated that an IS/OS line is a useful hallmark of integrity of the outer photoreceptor layer in various diseases, including central serous chorioretinopathy, 18 retinitis pigmentosa, 19 Stargardt disease, 20 and after surgery for an epiretinal membrane 21 or a macular hole. 22 In eyes with resolved macular edema associated with branch RVO, Murakami et al 23 suggested that to achieve a good visual recovery, a simple reduction in the foveal thickness is insufficient and that restoration of the structure of the foveal photoreceptors to a more physiologic condition is needed.…”

Correlation Between the Dynamic Postoperative Visual Outcome and the Restoration of Foveal Microstructures After Macular Hole Surgery

“…13,17,23 In our cases, eyes with glial proliferation had a poorer visual prognosis after MH surgery, which is consistent with previous studies. 19,21,22 Glial proliferation may prevent the normal photoreceptor alignment from being restored. Conversely, glial proliferation may occur when viability of the foveal photoreceptors is impaired, perhaps owing to greater hole diameter and longer hole duration.…”

Persistent outer retinal fluid following non-posturing surgery for idiopathic macular hole

“…Kawano et al 5 report an incidence of 49% at 1 month following combined phaco-vitrectomy and SF 6 gas. The incidence in the study of Kang et al 6 was 45.8%. The main risk factor for developing an OFD in our study was the preoperative base diameter of macular hole, with larger holes more likely to have an outer defect at 2 weeks (p=0.006).…”

“…Controlling for other factors, MLD (p=0.043) and age (p=0.032) were also found to be significantly associated with OFD development, with increased odds of OFD development in patients with smaller MLD measurements, and in younger patients. Two earlier studies have shown that outer defects are more likely to occur in patients who have MLD preoperatively 5 6. It was postulated by Kang et al 6 that this is because of the way in which glial cells commence proliferation in the healing process of the macular hole.…”