Outcrossing Rate and Genetic Variability in Mexican Race Avocado

Sánchez‐González, Enrique Ignacio; Gutiérrez-Díez, Adriana; Máyek-Pérez, Netzahualcóyotl

doi:10.21273/jashs04785-19

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This potentially remains open judging by the r scores (> 0.54) of our pedigree-free SSR-inferred estimation of genetic parameters ( Frentiu et al, 2008 ; Wilson et al, 2010 ), which embraced sufficient variation across distinct kinship levels ( Milner et al, 2000 ; Kruuk, 2004 ; Berenos et al, 2014 ). Therefore, avocado rootstock breeders would be able to leverage SSR characterizations across a diverse panel of avocado accessions ( Alcaraz and Hormaza, 2007 ; Cañas-Gutiérrez et al, 2015 ; Ferrer-Pereira et al, 2017 ; Boza et al, 2018 ; Cañas-Gutiérrez et al, 2019b ; Reyes-Herrera et al, 2020 ; Sánchez-González et al, 2020 ). SSR-inferred relationships also allow bridging the difficulty to generate complete pedigrees in tropical avocados.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Yield Components and Morphological Traits in Avocado cv. Hass From “Criollo” “Elite Trees” via Half-Sib Seedling Rootstocks

et al. 2022

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Grafting induces precocity and maintains clonal integrity in fruit tree crops. However, the complex rootstock × scion interaction often precludes understanding how the tree phenotype is shaped, limiting the potential to select optimum rootstocks. Therefore, it is necessary to assess (1) how seedling progenies inherit trait variation from elite ‘plus trees’, and (2) whether such family superiority may be transferred after grafting to the clonal scion. To bridge this gap, we quantified additive genetic parameters (i.e., narrow sense heritability—h2, and genetic-estimated breeding values—GEBVs) across landraces, “criollo”, “plus trees” of the super-food fruit tree crop avocado (Persea americanaMill.), and their open-pollinated (OP) half-sib seedling families. Specifically, we used a genomic best linear unbiased prediction (G-BLUP) model to merge phenotypic characterization of 17 morpho-agronomic traits with genetic screening of 13 highly polymorphic SSR markers in a diverse panel of 104 avocado “criollo” “plus trees.” Estimated additive genetic parameters were validated at a 5-year-old common garden trial (i.e., provenance test), in which 22 OP half-sib seedlings from 82 elite “plus trees” served as rootstocks for the cv. Hass clone. Heritability (h2) scores in the “criollo” “plus trees” ranged from 0.28 to 0.51. The highesth2values were observed for ribbed petiole and adaxial veins with 0.47 (CI 95%0.2–0.8) and 0.51 (CI 0.2–0.8), respectively. Theh2scores for the agronomic traits ranged from 0.34 (CI 0.2–0.6) to 0.39 (CI 0.2–0.6) for seed weight, fruit weight, and total volume, respectively. When inspecting yield variation across 5-year-old grafted avocado cv. Hass trees with elite OP half-sib seedling rootstocks, the traits total number of fruits and fruits’ weight, respectively, exhibitedh2scores of 0.36 (± 0.23) and 0.11 (± 0.09). Our results indicate that elite “criollo” “plus trees” may serve as promissory donors of seedling rootstocks for avocado cv. Hass orchards due to the inheritance of their outstanding trait values. This reinforces the feasibility to leverage natural variation from “plus trees”viaOP half-sib seedling rootstock families. By jointly estimating half-sib family effects and rootstock-mediated heritability, this study promises boosting seedling rootstock breeding programs, while better discerning the consequences of grafting in fruit tree crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Yield Components and Morphological Traits in Avocado cv. Hass From “Criollo” “Elite Trees” via Half-Sib Seedling Rootstocks

et al. 2022

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“…Previous genetic characterizations providing tangential signals of horticultural races have used targeted genes ( Chen et al, 2009 ), chloroplast DNA ( Ge et al, 2019 ), SSR ( Alcaraz and Hormaza, 2007 ; Ferrer-Pereira et al, 2017 ; Boza et al, 2018 ; Sánchez-González et al, 2020 ), and SNP markers ( Kuhn et al, 2019b ; Rubinstein et al, 2019 ; Talavera et al, 2019 ), in some cases using gene-bank accessions, such as from the Venezuelan germplasm bank—Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas–Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias ( Ferrer-Pereira et al, 2017 ), the National Germplasm Repository (United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service Subtropical Horticultural Research Station) in Miami ( Kuhn et al, 2019a ,b), and the Spanish germplasm bank ( Talavera et al, 2019 ). Despite some of these analyses captured all three races ( Talavera et al, 2019 ), others exhibited mixed and inconclusive population structure ( Cañas-Gutiérrez et al, 2015 , 2019 ; Cañas-Gutierrez et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous genetic characterizations providing tangential signals of horticultural races have used targeted genes (Chen et al, 2009), chloroplast DNA (Ge et al, 2019), SSR (Alcaraz and Hormaza, 2007;Ferrer-Pereira et al, 2017;Boza et al, 2018;Sánchez-González et al, 2020), and SNP markers (Kuhn et al, 2019b;Rubinstein et al, 2019;Talavera et al, 2019), in some cases using gene-bank accessions, such as from the Venezuelan germplasm FIGURE 4 | Significant estimates of narrow-sense rootstock-mediated heritability (h 2 ) in 5 of the 20 measured traits based on a "genetic prediction" model calibrated with Lynch and Ritland (1999)'s relatedness matrix among OP non-Hass seedling rootstocks from eight "Hass" avocado orchards. Depicted traits (rows, A-O) are those for which significant p-values (p < 0.05) were simultaneously obtained for three different permutation strategies (of the phenotypic vector, the matrix of molecular markers and the matrix of genetic relatedness among rootstocks, Table 1), although the graphical results only reflect estimates obtained after permuting the relatedness matrix.…”

Section: Relatedness and Population Admixture Are Consistent With Rampant Gene Flow Among Three Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Rootstock Effects in Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass

et al. 2020

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Grafting is typically utilized to merge adapted seedling rootstocks with highly productive clonal scions. This process implies the interaction of multiple genomes to produce a unique tree phenotype. However, the interconnection of both genotypes obscures individual contributions to phenotypic variation (rootstock-mediated heritability), hampering tree breeding. Therefore, our goal was to quantify the inheritance of seedling rootstock effects on scion traits using avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass as a model fruit tree. We characterized 240 diverse rootstocks from 8 avocado cv. Hass orchards with similar management in three regions of the province of Antioquia, northwest Andes of Colombia, using 13 microsatellite markers simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Parallel to this, we recorded 20 phenotypic traits (including morphological, biomass/reproductive, and fruit yield and quality traits) in the scions for 3 years (2015–2017). Relatedness among rootstocks was inferred through the genetic markers and inputted in a “genetic prediction” model to calculate narrow-sense heritabilities (h2) on scion traits. We used three different randomization tests to highlight traits with consistently significant heritability estimates. This strategy allowed us to capture five traits with significant heritability values that ranged from 0.33 to 0.45 and model fits (r) that oscillated between 0.58 and 0.73 across orchards. The results showed significance in the rootstock effects for four complex harvest and quality traits (i.e., total number of fruits, number of fruits with exportation quality, and number of fruits discarded because of low weight or thrips damage), whereas the only morphological trait that had a significant heritability value was overall trunk height (an emergent property of the rootstock–scion interaction). These findings suggest the inheritance of rootstock effects, beyond root phenotype, on a surprisingly wide spectrum of scion traits in “Hass” avocado. They also reinforce the utility of polymorphic SSRs for relatedness reconstruction and genetic prediction of complex traits. This research is, up to date, the most cohesive evidence of narrow-sense inheritance of rootstock effects in a tropical fruit tree crop. Ultimately, our work highlights the importance of considering the rootstock–scion interaction to broaden the genetic basis of fruit tree breeding programs while enhancing our understanding of the consequences of grafting.

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“…Previous genetic characterizations providing tangential signals of horticultural races have used targeted genes (Chen et al, 2009), cpDNA (Ge et al, 2019), SSR (Alcaraz and Hormaza, 2007;Ferrer-Pereira et al, 2017;Boza et al, 2018;Sánchez-González et al, 2020) and SNP markers (Kuhn et al, 2019c;Rubinstein et al, 2019;Talavera et al, 2019), in some cases using gene-bank accessions, like from the Venezuelan germplasm bank (INIA-CENIAP) (Ferrer-Pereira et al, 2017), the National Germplasm Repository (SHRS ARS USDA) in Miami (Kuhn et al, 2019a;Kuhn et al, 2019b), and the Spanish germplasm bank (Talavera et al, 2019). Despite some of these analyses captured all three races (Talavera et al, 2019), others exhibited mixed and inconclusive population structure (Cañas-Gutiérrez et al, 2015;Cañas-Gutiérrez et al, 2019;Cañas-Gutierrez et al, 2019).…”

Section: N R E V I E Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Rootstock Effects in Avocado (Persea americanaMill.) cv. Hass

Reyes-Herrera

Muñoz-Baena

Velásquez-Zapata

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Grafting is typically utilized to merge adapted seedling rootstocks with highly productive clonal scions. This process implies the interaction of multiple genomes to produce a unique tree phenotype. Yet, the interconnection of both genotypes obscures individual contributions to phenotypic variation (i.e. rootstock-mediated heritability), hampering tree breeding. Therefore, our goal was to quantify the inheritance of seedling rootstock effects on scion traits using avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass as model fruit tree. We characterized 240 rootstocks from 8 avocado cv. Hass orchards in three regions of the province of Antioquia, in the northwest Andes of Colombia, using 13 microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats – SSRs). Parallel to this, we recorded 20 phenotypic traits (including morphological, eco-physiological, and fruit yield and quality traits) in the scions for three years (2015–2017). Relatedness among rootstocks was inferred through the genetic markers and inputted in a ‘genetic prediction’ model in order to calculate narrow-sense heritabilities (h2) on scion traits. We used three different randomization tests to highlight traits with consistently significant heritability estimates. This strategy allowed us to capture five traits with significant heritability values that ranged from 0.33 to 0.45 and model fits (R2) that oscillated between 0.58 and 0.74 across orchards. The results showed significance in the rootstock effects for four complex harvest and quality traits (i.e. total number of fruits, number of fruits with exportation quality, and number of fruits discarded because of low weight or thrips damage), while the only morphological trait that had a significant heritability value was overall trunk height (an emergent property of the rootstock-scion interaction). These findings suggest the inheritance of rootstock effects, beyond root phenotype, on a surprisingly wide spectrum of scion traits in ‘Hass’ avocado. They also reinforce the utility of SSR markers for relatedness reconstruction and genetic prediction of complex traits. This research is, up to date, the most cohesive evidence of narrow-sense inheritance of rootstock effects in a tropical fruit tree crop. Ultimately, our work reinforces the importance of considering the rootstock-scion interaction to broaden the genetic basis of fruit tree breeding programs, while enhancing our understanding of the consequences of grafting.

show abstract

Outcrossing Rate and Genetic Variability in Mexican Race Avocado

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Inheritance of Yield Components and Morphological Traits in Avocado cv. Hass From “Criollo” “Elite Trees” via Half-Sib Seedling Rootstocks

Inheritance of Yield Components and Morphological Traits in Avocado cv. Hass From “Criollo” “Elite Trees” via Half-Sib Seedling Rootstocks

Inheritance of Rootstock Effects in Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass

Inheritance of Rootstock Effects in Avocado (Persea americanaMill.) cv. Hass

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