Outcomes for Clinical Studies Assessing Drug and Revascularization Therapies for Claudication and Critical Limb Ischemia in Peripheral Artery Disease

Glyoxalase-1 Overexpression Reverses Defective Proangiogenic Function of Diabetic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice Model of Critical Limb Ischemia

“…CLI is a substantial cause of morbidity and health costs and often ends in poor physical function and amputation 3. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which accounts for more than 90% of the total diabetes mellitus (DM) cases, is an important risk factor for the development of all forms of atherosclerosis, increasing both the morbidity and severity of PAD 4 and increasing the amputation rate.…”

Management of Patients After Endovascular Interventions for Peripheral Artery Disease

“…20,53 In these studies, the 12-month rate of freedom from target lesion revascularization is ≈80%. 44 Controversy over the design of the modern drugeluting stent trials obscures their absolute benefit, 33 and comparisons between studies suggests that the short-term results were similar to those observed in randomized trials of modern bare metal stents. 16 It remains to be seen whether drug-eluting balloons or second-generation drug-eluting stents change the need for vigilant detection of restenosis or prove to be effective therapy for in-stent restenosis of bare metal stents.…”

“…Because the within-person variability of the ABI is 0.10 to 0.15, changes in ABI greater than this magnitude are associated with initial success of treatment or restenosis. 33 In others, particularly in patients with SFA disease and with well-established profunda femoris collaterals, symptoms may return only after the vessel has reoccluded. In these patients, arterial ultrasound surveillance is a particularly useful surveillance tool.…”

Prospects for Multimodality Imaging in Peripheral Artery Disease

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7] For example, revascularization improves blood flow in large arteries, and risk factor modification, such as smoking cessation, walking programs, and hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, aims to improve endothelial function and muscle bioenergetics during exercise. Arteriogenesis and angiogenesis of the small arteries and capillaries may be mechanisms for some of the benefits from risk factor modification and are the foundation for cell-based therapies that offer the potential for improved perfusion in critical limb ischemia.…”

“…Functional tests include standardized treadmill and corridor walking tests, conduit and microvascular endothelial function, and muscle metabolism. [1][2][3]5 Quality-of-life instruments assess the impact of PAD and PAD therapies from the patient's perspective. 11 Anatomic tools most commonly used to assess mechanisms of functional deterioration, such as large artery stenosis or restenosis, include duplex ultrasound and angiography (eg, conventional or CT).…”