“…Of the remaining 50 publications, five were excluded as there were multiple papers from some investigators discussing the same QPI, leaving 45 publications for further review. The selected publications addressed quality indicators for pancreatectomy (n = 22), 15,16,19,21,22,25,26,28,29,[31][32][33][38][39][40][41][42][43][46][47][48]59 hepatectomy (n = 7), 20,21,24,26,34,35,49 HPB resections in general (n = 13), 17,18,23,30,36,37,[51][52][53][55][56][57] and cholecystectomy (n = 6). 27,44,45,50,54,58 Methodological quality The 45 papers were composed of studies that used national audit (n = 18), 16,…”