Outcome of cats with diarrhea and Tritrichomonas foetus infection

Foster, Derek M.; Gookin, Jody L.; Poore, Matthew F.; Stebbins, Marty; Levy, Michael G.

doi:10.2460/javma.2004.225.888

Cited by 80 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Though the infected cats had a history of diarrhea in the past six months and all divided the same space with other cats, they were at the time of sample collection asymptomatic. Foster et al (2004) presented similar results among cats with chronic T. foetus infection without clinical signs after resolution of diarrhea.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Co-infection by Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in asymptomatic cats

et al. 2015

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RESUMO.-[Co-infecção por Tritrichomonas foetus e Pentatrichomonas hominis em gatos assintomáticos.] Tritrichomonas foetus, um parasito bem conhecido por seu significado como um agente patogênico transmitido venereamente em bovinos, também foi identificado como causa de diarreia crónica do intestino grosso em gatos domésticos em muitos países. No Brasil, vários estudos sobre o diagnósti-co de tricomonose bovina foram realizados, mas até agora, não há informação disponível em relação à trichomonose felina. Assim, este é o primeiro estudo a relatar a ocorrência Tritrichomonas foetus, a parasite well known for its significance as a venereally transmitted pathogen in cattle, has been identified as a cause of chronic large bowel diarrhea in domestic cats in many countries of the world. In Brazil, several studies on the diagnosis of bovine trichomoniasis have been performed, but until now, no study was made regarding feline trichomoniasis. Thus, this is the first study to report the occurrence of T. foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in cats using morphological and molecular analysis. Feces from 77 cats were examined, four of which (5.2%) were positive for the presence of parabasalids. Morphological analysis of stained smears revealed piriform trophozoites showing the three anterior flagella, elongated nucleus and axostyle ending abruptly in fillet, characteristic of T. foetus. In scanning and transmission electron microscopy, identification characters similar to those previously reported for T. foetus were observed. The cultures containing trophozoites were submitted for molecular analysis, which resulted positive for T. foetus DNA using specific primers (TFR3 and TFR4), and all samples were positive and subjected to sequencing in which they showed 99.7-100% similarity with another isolate sequencing of T. foetus (JX960422). Although no trophozoite with consistent morphology of P. hominis has been visualized in the samples, differential diagnosis was performed using specific primers for P. hominis (TH3 and TH5) amplicon. In three of the four samples (3.89%) sequencing revealed 100% similarity when compared with another sequence of P. hominis deposited in Genbank (KC623939). Therefore, the present study revealed through the diagnostic techniques employed the simultaneous infection by T. foetus and P. hominis in the feces of cats. However, it was necessary to use more than one technique for the diagnosis of the co-infection. These results demonstrate the importance of a correct diagnosis to allow an appropriate treatment by the veterinarian.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Co-infection by Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in asymptomatic cats

et al. 2015

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“…Whether these antibiotics diminish a direct bacterial contribution to diarrhea pathogenesis or simply decrease the number of T. foetus by depleting their nutrient supply is unclear. Chronically infected cats can experience extended periods of clinical remission, but relapses of diarrhea can be provoked by changes in the diet or stressful events that presumably could alter the colonic microbiota 19. Anecdotally, the use of “probiotics” has been largely ineffective at ameliorating clinical signs of diarrhea.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Trichomonosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several observations suggest that T. foetus infection in cats results in injury to the colonic epithelium, as represented by the common clinical sign of hematochezia in affected cats 9, 19, 21. Histologically, colonic mucosal lesions in infected cats are characterized by attenuation of the surface epithelial cells and increased crypt epithelial cell mitotic activity.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Trichomonosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further evidence, however, suggests that inflammation may not be the only cause of diarrhea in infected cats. After experimental infection of cats with T. foetus , diarrhea has been observed to precede development of microscopic inflammation,10 and diarrhea in naturally infected cats typically fails to respond to treatment with anti‐inflammatory drugs (eg, corticosteroids) 19. Therefore, studies to characterize nonimmune‐mediated mechanisms of diarrhea in cats with T. foetus infection appear warranted, including changes in intestinal epithelial cell barrier and ion transport functions or even influences on colonic motility.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Trichomonosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trichomonosis in cats has a worldwide distribution and is prevalent among cats obtained from high density housing environments such as catteries, shelters, or breeding facilities. Clinically affected cats can display a variety of clinical signs including hematochezia, relapsing malodorous diarrhea, fecal incontinence, proctitis and rectal prolapse 19, 20, 21. Only one treatment is documented to be effective in eradicating T. foetus in cats 22, 23.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms ofTritrichomonas foetusPathogenicity in Cats with Insights from Venereal Trichomonosis

Tolbert

Gookin

2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Almost 20 years has passed since trichomonosis was first recognized as a potential cause of diarrhea in domestic cats. Despite progress in confirming disease causation, developing means for diagnosis, and identifying approaches to treatment of the infection, we still know very little about how this parasite causes diarrhea. With increasing recognition of resistance of trichomonosis to treatment with 5‐nitroimidazole drugs, new treatment strategies based on an understanding of disease pathogenesis are needed. In this review, lessons learned from the pathogenesis of venereal trichomonosis in people and cattle are applied to clinical observations of trichomonosis in cats in effort to generate insight into areas where further research may be beneficial.

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Parasites of Cats

Bowman

Baker

2007

Flynn's Parasites of Laboratory Animals

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Outcome of cats with diarrhea and Tritrichomonas foetus infection

Cited by 80 publications

References 6 publications

Co-infection by Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in asymptomatic cats

Co-infection by Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in asymptomatic cats

Mechanisms ofTritrichomonas foetusPathogenicity in Cats with Insights from Venereal Trichomonosis

Parasites of Cats

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