Outbreaks of Two-Spotted Spider-Mites and Cotton Aphids Following Pesticide Treatment. I. Pest Stimulation vs. Natural Enemy Destruction as the Cause of Outbreaks1

Bartlett, B. R.

doi:10.1093/jee/61.1.297

Cited by 70 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Sublethal concentrations of insecticides leading to pest outbreaks in the field have been reported in many pests (Reissig et al 1982;Tripathi & Sachan 1990;Zhang et al 2010). For example, Bartlett (1968) reported that a sublethal level of organochlorine and organophosphorus insecticides could cause aphid resurgence. Sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid and azadirachtin have been reported to increase survival and reproductive ability of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Cutler et al 2006;Wang et al 2008b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

Zhao

et al. 2011

jnl. econ. entom.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

Zhao

et al. 2011

jnl. econ. entom.

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“…Loss of natural enemies, including pathogens, results in greater herbivore survival, thus "allowing their numbers to increase to damaging densities (Smith and Hagen, 1959;Bartlett, 1968;McMurtry et aL, 1970;Eveleens et al, 1973;DeBach, 1974;Roush and Hoy, 1978). Another possible mechanism is that sub-harmful concentrations of insecticides stimulate spider mite population increase, either directly by contact with the chemical or residue, or indirectly by changing the physiology of the plant (Chaboussou, 1966;Bartlett, 1968;Lucky, 1968;Boykin and Campbell, 1982;Maggie and Leigh, 1983;Iftner and Hail, 1984;Jones and Parrella, 1984;Wrensch, 1985;Croft, 1990;Donohue and McPherson, 1990). In either case, population growth is believed to be associated with an increase in fecundity and/or a decrease in developmental duration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An ecosystem analysis of spider mite outbreaks: physiological stimulation or natural enemy suppression

Trichilo

Wilson

1993

Exp Appl Acarol

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A simulation model was used to as~ss the role of several mechanisms proposed to be responsible for spider mite outbreaks on cotton that are typically observed following applications of insecticides. Simulation results were compared to an outbreak that occurred after two pyrethroid applications on cotton in a controlled experiment in the San Joaquin Valley of California. In the model, physiological cffects were simulated by increasing spider mite fecundity and decreasing developmental duration, whereas loss of natural enemies was simulated by increasing spider mite age-specific survival. At the levels simulated, smwival had the greatest impact on maximum spider mite density, degree days (°D) to maximum density, and cumulative spider mite-°D, whereas fecundity had the least, and developmental duration had an intermediate effect. There were substantial two-way interactions anlong all three life history parameters, with age-specific survival having the most influence. Surviwd had the greatest effect on spider mite population dynamics when in combination with short development',d duration. The influence of developmental duration on maximum spider mite density was greater than comparable percentage changes in fecundity, an effect that was more pronounced at high than at low survival, Changing fecundity, developmental duration, or age-specific survival individually did not result in a spider mite outbreak of the magnitude observed in the field. However, changing these three parameters simultaneously, resulted in a simulated maximum density of 8.000/m 2. which represents a 12-fold increase over the untreated control, and closely mimicked the previously observed field outbreak. It is proposed that spider mite outbreaks on cotton following insecticide applications are not solely the result of physiological stimulation, but are rather due to several life history parameters being affected simultaneously, with natural enemy-mediated survival having the greatest individual impact. Implications of chemically-induced phenomena afflicting spider mite management on cotton are discussed. INTRODU(YFIONOutbreaks of herbivorous arthropods such as spider mites, Tetranvchus spp., following applications of insecticides, have received much attention (Bartlett 1968;~A copy of thc crop and herbivore simttlation models can be obtained by sending an IBM compatible disk to L.T. Wilson.

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“…Cotton is one of cultivated plants being often damaged by different insects causing huge losses in crops. However, outbreaks of aphids and other pests have been observed in cotton fields treated with different pesticides, [3,4,16,20,26]. For example, rapid increases in the number of aphids were observed in cotton fields treated with pyrethroid kcyhalothrin [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Free Amino Acids and Nitrogen in Cotton Leaves Treated with Different Classes’ Insecticides

et al. 2015

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Application of some insecticides in cotton protection is often associated with secondary biotic stress, for example, huge colonization of aphids. One of the possible reasons for this phenomenon is increased level of nutritious compounds in treated plants. Since amino acids (AA) are necessary for the development of aphids, we studied the levels of free amino acids (FAA) and total nitrogen in cotton plant leaves in response to application of three different class insecticides. The plants were treated with Carbophos, Lannate, and Sumi-alfa in early blooming stage and the leaf samples were taken on the 10th and 13th days of the treatment. Carbophos suppressed the portion of total nitrogen in dry mass by 6 % while sumi-alfa elevated by 16 %. The most abundant AA found in leaf samples were alanine, arginine, glutamine, and cysteine. The highest changes in response to insecticides application were observed for tyrosine, methionine, and arginine (P B 0.05). Compared to control, the greatest differences in total FAA and essential amino acids (EAA) were found on the 13th day of the treatment with Lannate; that 1.76 (P B 0.05) and 1.83 (P B 0.05) times more total and EAA were gathered. Sumi-alfa was found to exert mildest effect on cotton by means of the number of AA affected. However, on the 10th day sumi-alfa caused the highest amount of EAA that 1.67 (P B 0.05) times more, than control, EAA accumulated. Due to altered nutritional value, effects of the tested agrochemicals on cotton should be considered in pesticide management.

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Outbreaks of Two-Spotted Spider-Mites and Cotton Aphids Following Pesticide Treatment. I. Pest Stimulation vs. Natural Enemy Destruction as the Cause of Outbreaks1

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

An ecosystem analysis of spider mite outbreaks: physiological stimulation or natural enemy suppression

Comparative Analysis of Free Amino Acids and Nitrogen in Cotton Leaves Treated with Different Classes’ Insecticides

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