Outbreaks of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Seasonal Influenza A (H3N2) on Cruise Ship

Ward, Kate; Armstrong, Paul; McAnulty, Jeremy; Iwasenko, Jenna M.; Dwyer, Dominic E.

doi:10.3201/eid1611.100477

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Figure 1 presents a flow chart of the selection process. The selected reports included outbreak analyses from the following countries: Australia [10], [12]–[14], Canada [15]–[18], Chile [19], China [20]–[22], Finland [23], France [24]–[27], Germany [28], [29],Hong Kong [30], [31], India [32], Japan [33]–[35], Kenya [36], Republic of Korea [37], Netherlands [7], New Zealand [38], Taiwan [39], United Kingdom (UK) [6], [40]–[45], and the United States (USA) [8], [9], [11], [38], [46]–[55]. Four reports provided analysis related to one outbreak in the USA [8], [9], [11], [51].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attack Rates Assessment of the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A in Children and Their Contacts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe recent H1N1 influenza A pandemic was marked by multiple reports of illness and hospitalization in children, suggesting that children may have played a major role in the propagation of the virus. A comprehensive detailed analysis of the attack rates among children as compared with their contacts in various settings is of great importance for understanding their unique role in influenza pandemics.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe searched MEDLINE (PubMed) and Embase for published studies reporting outbreak investigations with direct measurements of attack rates of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A among children, and quantified how these compare with those of their contacts. We identified 50 articles suitable for review, which reported school, household, travel and social events. The selected reports and our meta-analysis indicated that children had significantly higher attack rates as compared to adults, and that this phenomenon was observed for both virologically confirmed and clinical cases, in various settings and locations around the world. The review also provided insight into some characteristics of transmission between children and their contacts in the various settings.Conclusion/SignificanceThe consistently higher attack rates of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A among children, as compared to adults, as well as the magnitude of the difference is important for understanding the contribution of children to disease burden, for implementation of mitigation strategies directed towards children, as well as more precise mathematical modeling and simulation of future influenza pandemics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attack Rates Assessment of the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A in Children and Their Contacts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2012

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“…5,14,15 In addition to the interest in identifying the transmission of high-risk variants, the survey of transmission events by the new pandemic variant is relevant from an epidemiological point of view. 16,17 In our institution, epidemiologic analysis revealed an outbreak involving HIV-positive patients hospitalized in the CMID department. During the outbreak, strict respiratory isolation measures were observed for all patients with suspected or confirmed influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection, and communal areas of the unit were closed down.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genotyping of a nosocomial outbreak of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009

Rodríguez‐Sánchez

Alonso

Catalán

et al. 2011

Journal of Clinical Virology

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“…Outbreaks of infectious diseases have been frequently reported aboard cruise liners. In May 2009, 1970 passengers and more than 730 crew members were infected with the pandemic (H1N1) virus or the influenza A (H3N2) virus4 on cruise ships. Between February 25 and April 14, 2006, 14 rash illnesses were detected on a cruise from North America to the Caribbean5.…”

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confidence: 99%

Contact infection of infectious disease onboard a cruise ship

Zhang

Miao

Huang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Cruise tourism has become more popular. Long-term personal contact, complex population flows, a lack of medical care facilities, and defective infrastructure aboard most cruise ships is likely to result in the ship becoming an incubator for infectious diseases. In this paper, we use a cruise ship as a research scenario. Taking into consideration personal behavior, the nature and transfer route of the virus across different surfaces, virus reproduction, and disinfection, we studied contact infection of infectious disease on a cruise ship. Using gastroenteritis caused by the norovirus as an example, we analyzed the characteristics of infectious disease propagation based on simulation results under different conditions. We found hand washing are the most important factors affecting virus propagation and passenger infection. It also decides either the total number of virus microorganisms or the virus distribution in different functional areas. The transfer rate between different surfaces is a key factor influencing the concentricity of the virus. A high transfer rate leads to high concentricity. In addition, the risk of getting infected is effectively reduced when the disinfection frequency is above a certain threshold. The efficiency of disinfection of functional areas is determined by total virus number and total contact times of surfaces.

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Outbreaks of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Seasonal Influenza A (H3N2) on Cruise Ship

Abstract: Although pandemic virus spread rapidly, especially among children, intensive control measures successfully contained these outbreaks.

Cited by 54 publications

References 13 publications

Attack Rates Assessment of the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A in Children and Their Contacts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Attack Rates Assessment of the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A in Children and Their Contacts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Genotyping of a nosocomial outbreak of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009

Contact infection of infectious disease onboard a cruise ship

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