Outbreaks of dermatophilus congolensis infection in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from the Butana region in Eastern Sudan

Gitao, C G; Agab, H.; Aj, Khalifalla

doi:10.20506/rst.17.3.1136

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…congolensis infection is reported as one of the conditions that impede camel production in the Kenya, Sudan, and Saudi Arabia (Gitao et al 1998a). In Saudi Arabia, mixed infection involving D. congolensis and Microsporum gypseum have been found in 48 camels which had discrete circumscribed lesions (Gitao et al 1998b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 200,000 dromedary camels are living in the arid and semiarid deserts of Iran (Rahbari and Bazargani 1995;Mowlavi et al 1997). In camels, dermatophilosis has been reported in Kenya, Sudan, and Saudi Arabia (Gitao et al 1998a(Gitao et al , b, 1990Gitao 1992), but has not been previously reported in Iran. Therefore, the present study describes the prevalence, pathogenesis, and gross and histopathologic lesions of this disease in the camels of the central part of Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Prevalence and pathology of dermatophilosis in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Iran

Khodakaram-Tafti

Khordadmehr

Ardiyan

2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Gross and histopathologic lesions of the integumentary system were studied in 103 camels (Camelus dromedarius) slaughtered in Yazd Province of Iran. Dermatophilosis was diagnosed in 14 (13.6%) of the studied camels. Grossly, patchy thickening of the skin with dark brown scabs or crusts were observed on the rump, flanks, abdomen, shoulders, and neck. A heavy infestation with brown hard ticks was present on the lesions in almost all of the affected camels. On parasitology examination, all the ticks were identified as Hyalomma spp. Histopathologic examination of the affected skins revealed prominent superficial thickening of the epidermis as orthokeratotic and parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, degenerating neutrophils, serous fluid, and bacterial filaments. A lot of keratinaceous debris associated with an exudate rich in neutrophils were seen as remarkable features of the lesions on the superficial epidermis. Dermal inflammation was mild with infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells, particularly lymphocytes, around superficial vessels. A Gram-positive filamentous organism which was divided into parallel rows of cocci was observed in the crusts by Brown and Brenn Gram stain. This is the first report of the occurrence of dermatophilosis in the camels of Iran. With regard to infestation of the lesions by Hyalomma spp., it seems that this tick may have an important role in the pathogenesis of dermatophilosis in the camels of this region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prevalence and pathology of dermatophilosis in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Iran

Khodakaram-Tafti

Khordadmehr

Ardiyan

2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…Dermatophilus congolensis causes exudative dermatitis in multiple species and is typically associated with tick and biting fly-transmission, although it can also be spread by contact [ 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 ]. Prevalence levels were similar in Kenya to Sudan and Iran, at between 12 and 30%, and were significantly higher during the wet season [ 53 , 160 , 161 ]. This may indicate an increased risk as camel production moves into areas with higher rainfall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Pathogens of Dromedary Camels in Kenya: A Systematised Review

Hughes

Anderson

2020

Veterinary Sciences

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Kenya is home to Africa’s third largest population of dromedary camels, and production at commercial and local levels are increasingly important. In pastoral and nomadic communities in the arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs), camels play a vital role in food security, while commercial milk production and formalized export markets are rapidly emerging as camel populations expand into non-traditional areas. Until recently, little focus was placed on camels as hosts of zoonotic disease, but the emergence of Middle Eastern respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and the discovery of exposure to the virus in Kenyan camels, highlighted the need for further understanding of this area. This systematised review utilised a robust search strategy to assess the occurrence of camel-associated zoonoses in Kenya and to evaluate the quality of the published literature. Seventy-four studies were identified, covering sixteen pathogens, with an increasing number of good quality studies in recent years. Despite this, the area remains under-researched and there is a lack of robust, high-quality research. Trypanosome spp., Echinococcus granulosus and Brucella spp. appeared most frequently in the literature. Pathogens with the highest reported prevalence were MERS-CoV (0–100%), Echinococcus granulosa (7–60%) and Rift Valley fever virus (7–57%). Exposure to Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus showed higher levels in camel or camel-associated vectors than other livestock species, although brucellosis was the only disease for which there was robust evidence linking camel and human exposure. Zoonotic agents with less severe human health outcomes, such as Dermatophilosus congolensis and contagious ecthyma, were also represented in the literature. This review provides an important summary of the scope and quality of current knowledge. It demonstrates that further research, and improved adherence to robust study design and reporting are essential if the zoonotic risk from camels in Kenya, and elsewhere, is to be better understood.

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“…Camel Dermatophillosis has been reported in Kenya, Sudan and Saudi Arabia. In Sudan the outbreaks was in the Butana region, The fatality rates ranged from 0% in Saudi Arabia to 30% in Sudan, mixed infection involving Dermatophilus congolensis and Microsporum gypseum were founded [7] . Tick control in infected animals and environment is indicated to minimize the risk of Dermatophillosis [8] in study was carried out at Qas sim Region, Central of Saudi Arabia, to study dermatophytosis in a private farm of dromedary camels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of dermatophillosis among one humped camel (camelus dromedarius) provided to tamboul livestock market, Sudan

Habeeballah¹,

Mohamed²,

Abakar³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Husbandry

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The present study aimed to the determined incidence of Dermatophillosis among one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) provided to Tamboul livestock market, Sudan. Three hundred camels of different ages and sex that came from different parts of Sudan were studied in different season's assessment of some factors on the incidence of Dermatophillosis, and haematological and biochemical values for infected camels were done. The results showed that the incidence rate of Dermatophilus infection in camels was 3%, visually; loss of hair and accumulation of necrotic white materials around the neck, forelimb, thorax and sometimes all parts of the body was shown; the necrotic white materials were deep and hard attachment with skin. M icroscopically the Dermatophilus congolensis under the microscope revealed cocci was used 10% KOH and Giemsa stain. According to age, Chi-square revealed a significantly higher incidence rate in the age group less than 6 years (88.9%) followed by 6-12 years (11.1%) years and not noted in ages more than 13 years. Therefore, a high significance variation in sex and all infected camels were noticed in male. While the season factor showed an insignificant effect on Dermatophilus infection. In addition, the results showed that Dermatophilosis was an insignificant effect on the mean of hematological and biochemical parameters (p>0.05). Dermatophillosis mixed with dermatophytosis was detected in most examined samples. Direct examination using 10% KOH is a reliable technique to determine chronic Dermatophillosis and the Strategic application of anti-biotic drugs mixed with anti-fungal drugs for the treatment of camel Dermatophillosis is strongly recommended.

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Outbreaks of dermatophilus congolensis infection in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from the Butana region in Eastern Sudan

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Prevalence and pathology of dermatophilosis in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Iran

Prevalence and pathology of dermatophilosis in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Iran

Zoonotic Pathogens of Dromedary Camels in Kenya: A Systematised Review

Incidence of dermatophillosis among one humped camel (camelus dromedarius) provided to tamboul livestock market, Sudan

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