Outbreak of tetanus in lambs

Aslani, Mohamad; Bazargani, T Taghipour; Ashkar, Ali A.; Movasaghi, A R; Raoofi, Afshin; Atiabi, N.

doi:10.1136/vr.142.19.518

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…O diagnóstico deve ser realizado com base no histórico e nos achados clinico-patológicos. A confirmação laboratorial pode ser feita pela inoculação em camundongos, cultura bacteriana, identificação direta do bacilo em esfregaços de baço ou das feridas contaminadas e imunofluorescência (Aslani et al 1998).…”

Section: Doença Sinais Clínicos Achados De Necropsia Histopatologiaunclassified

Doenças neurológicas de ovinos na região central do Rio Grande do Sul

et al. 2010

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.br A retrospective study of neurological diseases of sheep in southern Brazil was conducted over an 18-year period (1990-2007). A data base search was carried out in the files of the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (LPV) of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), central Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. A total of 586 sheep were examined. These cases corresponded to necropsies performed in the LPV-UFSM or to mailed in samples from practitioners. Out of these, 69 experimental cases were excluded from this study. The remaining 517 cases were composed of 361 (69.8%) cases with conclusive diagnoses and 156 (30.2%) cases with inconclusive diagnoses. In 58 (16%) occasions, sheep died in consequence of neurological disease. Most important diseases included coenurosis (15 cases or 25.8%), listeriosis (9 cases or 15.5%), tetanus (8 cases or 13.7%), vertebral abscesses (4 cases or 6.8%), and cerebral abscesses (3 cases or 5.1%). Poisoning by Erytroxylum argentinum, post-caudectomy suppurative myelitis, fibrinosuppurative meningoencephalitis, polioencephalomalacia, rabies (2 cases or 3.4% each) were occasionally diagnosed. Spinal cord demyelinization, encephalic white matter edema, focal symmetrical encephalomalacia, hydranencephalia, cerebellar hypoplasia, poisoning by organophosphate, poisoning by Solanum pseudocapsicum, fibrinosuppurative myelitis, and presumptive closantel toxicity (1 case or 1.7% each) were rarely seen.INDEX TERMS: Diseases of sheep, diseases of nervous system, neuropathology.

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Section: Doença Sinais Clínicos Achados De Necropsia Histopatologiaunclassified

Doenças neurológicas de ovinos na região central do Rio Grande do Sul

et al. 2010

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“…Ο τέτανος προκαλείται από τη νευροτρόπο τοξί-νη του Clostridium tetani, εκδηλώνεται δε συχνότερα σε αρνιά ή ερίφια και πιο σπάνια σε ενήλικα ζώα (Aslani et al 1998, Lewis 2011. Η νόσος, συνήθως, εκδηλώνεται ως αποτέλεσμα τήρησης ανεπαρκών συνθηκών αντισηψίας σε παρεμβάσεις στις εκτροφές (π.χ., κακή φροντίδα ομφαλίου λώρου, ευνουχισμός, αποκοπή ουράς), όπου ήδη εφαρμόζεται λανθασμέ-νο εμβολιακό πρόγραμμα (π.χ., εμβολιασμός των έγκυων ζώων σε ακατάλληλη χρονική στιγμή, χορή-γηση αντι-κλωστριδιακού εμβολίου χωρίς ανατοξίνη C. tetani), οπότε η νόσος εκδηλώνεται μετά από 1 έως 2 εβδομάδες (Lewis 1998(Lewis , 2011(Lewis , kosgey et al 2008.…”

Section: τέτανοςunclassified

Differential diagnosis of neurological diseases of small ruminants

Giadinis

Polizopoulou

Fthenakis

2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Objective of the present review is the description of diagnostic approach in neurological cases in small ruminants. To improve description purposes in the present paper, neurological disorders of small ruminants are classified as follows: (a) congenital neurological disorders (vitamin A deficiency, copper deficiency, disorders of viral aetiology [including border disease and Schmallenberg disease], disorders with a genetic background), (b) acquired neurological disorders with an acute course (acute coenurosis, Aujeszky’s disease, bacterial meningoencephalitis, botulism, copper deficiency, copper poisoning, disorders following injury, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, listeriosis, louping-ill, rare disorders of parasitic aetiology, pregnancy toxaemia, rabies, tetanus, tick paralysis, toxicoses, type D enterotoxaemia, vitamin B1 deficiency) and (c) acquired neurological disorders with a long-standing course (caprine arthritis-encephalitis, central nervous system abscesses, chronic coenurosis, neoplastic disorders, ovine lentiviral encephalomyelitis, scrapie).

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“…Small ruminants and horses are known to be the most susceptible species, other than humans (Aslani et al . ; Wernery et al . ; Driemeier et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dog bites, fighting, penetration of the oral mucosa by fibrous plant thorns, contaminated umbilical wound, along with persistent skin irritation caused by the constant rubbing by old corroded metal or iron, wood and rope have been identified as common causes for tetanus in ruminants and small ruminants (Aslani et al . ; Singh et al . ; Harish et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetanus outbreak in a sheep flock due to ear tagging

Lotfollahzadeh

Heydari

Mohebbi

et al. 2018

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Tetanus is an acute, often fatal, infectious neuromuscular disease in all farmed mammals caused by Clostridium tetani . The disease is sporadic but outbreaks of tetanus have been described, as a result of wound contaminated with spores of C. tetani , which sporulates to the vegetative form and produce toxins. The present study reports an outbreak of tetanus in a sheep flock, shortly after ear tagging. Three sheep from a large flock (with a population of 1000 sheep) were presented with signs of: convulsion, limb stiffness, incoordination and trismus (“lock jaw”). There were wounds and scabs in most livestock where ear tags had been attached 1 week prior. Clinical examination revealed tachycardia, dyspnoea with dilated nostrils, mild fever, erected ear pinnae, teeth grinding, mild bloat, muscles rigidity, prolapse of third eyelid and anxiety. According to the history stated by the owner, the case fatality rate of the disease from the beginning was 50% during the outbreak. Necropsy did not reveal any significant finding. Gram‐positive bacilli with terminal spores representing C. tetani were isolated in anaerobic cultures which were taken from ear wounds. Procaine penicillin G was administrated at 20 000 IU/kg BW for 5 days, but antiglobulin was not available to treat affected animals. Mortality significantly declined one day after onset of treatment. In this report, the organism was probably introduced by contaminated instruments which were used for ear tagging of sheep. Wound exudation and adhesion following rubbing, created a favourable anaerobic condition for the spores to germinate with production of neurotoxin. Vaccination can protect animals against tetanus, but it does not preclude the need to apply standard hygienic principles when performing management procedures causing wounds. In pasture holding system, many pathogens are present in environment, so tetanus should be considered important in farm animals, because of its high fatality rate and the long course of convalescence.

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Outbreak of tetanus in lambs

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Doenças neurológicas de ovinos na região central do Rio Grande do Sul

Doenças neurológicas de ovinos na região central do Rio Grande do Sul

Differential diagnosis of neurological diseases of small ruminants

Tetanus outbreak in a sheep flock due to ear tagging

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