Outbreak of Systemic Avian Pox in Canaries (Serinus canaria domestica) Associated with the B1 Subgroup of Avian Pox Viruses

Ávila-Reyes, V. A.; Díaz-Morales, V.; Chávez-Maya, Fernando; Garcı́a-Espinosa, Gary; Sánchez-Godoy, Félix

doi:10.1637/12038-011819-case.1

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It has been documented that parrot manifest the disease in four ways: cutaneous, diphtheritic, systemic and pseudoneoplastic (16,35). These four presentations have also been described in passerines (1). In both parrots and other birds, the cutaneous presentation is the most common, as was the case in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

First report of Psittacid Avipoxvirus in Agapornis in Mexico

Sánchez-Godoy¹,

Ledesma²,

de³

et al. 2023

BJVP

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A postmortem study was performed on two lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri and Agapornis personatus) that had scabs in the periocular region and on the eyelid, as well as serous blepharitis. Microscopically, the eyelids showed ulcers, necrosis and serocellular crusts, severe hyperplasia of keratinocytes with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Bollinger's bodies), bacterial colonies of gram-positive coccoid morphology and PAS-positive septate and 45° branching hyphae. The microbiological study identified the colonies as Staphylococcus spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus, respectively. Using molecular techniques, avian pox clade C was identified on the eyelid. This is the first report in Mexico of a case of avian pox in parrots associated with clade C Avipoxvirus

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

First report of Psittacid Avipoxvirus in Agapornis in Mexico

Sánchez-Godoy¹,

Ledesma²,

de³

et al. 2023

BJVP

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“…Avian pox still represents an issue for poultry health, even though vaccinations are usually performed to protect the breeding. Large outbreaks or small disease events involving few animals were often reported worldwide in domestic [8,18], captive [19][20][21], and wild birds [12,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Avipoxvirus in Wild Birds in Central Italy

Bertelloni

Ceccherelli

Cossato

et al. 2022

Animals

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Avipoxviruses (APVs) are important pathogens of both domestic and wild birds. The associated disease is characterized by skin proliferative lesions in the cutaneous form or by lesions of the first digestive and respiratory tracts in the diphtheritic form. Previous studies investigated these infections in symptomatic wild birds worldwide, including Italy, but data about the circulation of APVs in healthy avian wildlife are not available. The present study tested spleen samples from 300 wild birds without typical lesions to detect Avipoxvirus DNA. Overall, 43.33% of the samples scored positive. Aquatic birds were more frequently infected (55.42%) than other animals (26.40%), and in Anseriformes, high positivity was found (52.87%). The obtained results suggest that wild birds could be asymptomatic carriers of Avipoxviruses, opening new possible epidemiological scenarios.

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“…This may have occurred because pigeons had fibronecrotic (diphtheric) lesions on the mucosal membrane of the mouth, whereas samples from chickens 1, 2, and 3 only had nodular (cutaneous) skin lesions on the face and body. Mortality is usually low in birds with a mild cutaneous form of APV; however, mortality is high with systemic infection when diphtheric lesions are dominant [5][6][7]. Among the samples collected, 100% of the birds were positive for APV based on histopathology and PCR analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disease causes significant economic loss to domestic poultry because of decreased egg production, reduced growth, blindness, and increased mortality [3,4]. Mortality is usually low in birds with a mild cutaneous form of the disease; however, it becomes a significant problem with systemic infection when diphtheric lesions are dominant or when the disease is accompanied by other infections or poor environmental conditions [5][6][7]. Therapy for avian pox is not available; however, an alternative to control avian pox may lie in the use of medicinal plants [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In ovo inhibition of avian pox virus replication by mangosteen rind and red ginger ethanolic extracts

2021

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Background and Aim: Avian pox is a contagious disease caused by the avian pox virus (APV). Mangostin and γ-mangostin in mangosteen rind (MR) and gingerol in red ginger (RG) exhibit antiviral activity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of MR and RG ethanolic extracts on APV based on pock lesions on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Materials and Methods: Three APVs from chicken isolates (C1, C2, and C3), one APV from a pigeon isolate (P), 1.5% and 3% MR ethanolic extract, 5% and 10% RG ethanolic extract, and a combination of 1.5% MR and 5% RG at 0.1 mL/ egg were inoculated in ovo (7th day incubation, chorioallantoic route) in SPF ECEs. A control group inoculated in ovo with APV alone was also established. Each treatment consisted of three replicates. Parameters including embryo survival, CAM lesions, and average number of pock lesions were determined. Results: In ovo inoculation of MR and RG ethanolic extracts was not harmful to the ECEs and did not induce CAM lesions. The average number of pock lesions in the control group (C1, C2, C3, and P) was 35, 14, 10, and 17, respectively, whereas in all treatment groups, the number was 0, except in the 5% RG group of C1, which had a value of 10. Conclusion: In ovo inoculation of 1.5% and 3% MR, 5% and 10% RG, and the combination of 1.5% MR plus 5% RG ethanolic extract s at 0.1 mL/egg inhibit APV by reducing the number of pock lesions on the CAM of the ECE.

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Outbreak of Systemic Avian Pox in Canaries (Serinus canaria domestica) Associated with the B1 Subgroup of Avian Pox Viruses

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

First report of Psittacid Avipoxvirus in Agapornis in Mexico

First report of Psittacid Avipoxvirus in Agapornis in Mexico

Molecular Detection of Avipoxvirus in Wild Birds in Central Italy

In ovo inhibition of avian pox virus replication by mangosteen rind and red ginger ethanolic extracts

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