Outbreak of Rift Valley fever affecting veterinarians and farmers in South Africa, 2008

Archer, Brett N.; Weyer, Jacqueline; Pawęska, Janusz T.; Nkosi, Deliwe; Leman, Patricia A.; Tint, Khin-San; Blumberg, Lucille

doi:10.7196/samj.4544

Cited by 76 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In 2008, an outbreak of RVF occurred in and around KNP [33]. We collected data on the captive animals from a buffalo breeding facility on the southern boundary of KNP, the Nkomazi area, on RVF infection prior to, during and after outbreak.…”

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Co-infection Patterns (I) Rift Vallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enemies and turncoats: bovine tuberculosis exposes pathogenic potential of Rift Valley fever virus in a common host, African buffalo ( Syncerus caffer )

et al. 2015

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The ubiquity and importance of parasite co-infections in populations of free-living animals is beginning to be recognized, but few studies have demonstrated differential fitness effects of single infection versus co-infection in free-living populations. We investigated interactions between the emerging bacterial disease bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and the previously existing viral disease Rift Valley fever (RVF) in a competent reservoir host, African buffalo, combining data from a natural outbreak of RVF in captive buffalo at a buffalo breeding facility in 2008 with data collected from a neighbouring free-living herd of African buffalo in Kruger National Park. RVF infection was twice as likely in individual BTBþ buffalo as in BTB2 buffalo, which, according to a mathematical model, may increase RVF outbreak size at the population level. In addition, co-infection was associated with a far higher rate of fetal abortion than other infection states. Immune interactions between BTB and RVF may underlie both of these interactions, since animals with BTB had decreased innate immunity and increased pro-inflammatory immune responses. This study is one of the first to demonstrate how the consequences of emerging infections extend beyond direct effects on host health, potentially altering the dynamics and fitness effects of infectious diseases that had previously existed in the ecosystem on free-ranging wildlife populations.

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Section: Materials and Methods (A) Co-infection Patterns (I) Rift Vallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enemies and turncoats: bovine tuberculosis exposes pathogenic potential of Rift Valley fever virus in a common host, African buffalo ( Syncerus caffer )

et al. 2015

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“…RVF is a transboundary disease, and recent outbreaks were reported in Niger and Uganda [2016, 11,13], Mauritania (2010, 2012–2015, 14,15,16), Senegal (2013/14) and South Africa and Namibia (2008–2011, 17,18,19,20), Kenya, Tanzania and Somalia in 2006 [21,22]. High number of deaths among humans and livestock were reported during these outbreaks [11]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus in domestic ruminants and African Buffaloes in Mozambique shows need for intensified surveillance

Moiane

Mapaco

Thompson

et al. 2017

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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Introduction: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arthropod-borne disease that affects both animals and humans. RVF phlebovirus (RVFPV) is widespread in Africa and Arabian Peninsula. In Mozambique, outbreaks were reported in South; seroprevalence studies performed in livestock and water buffaloes were limited to central and south regions. We evaluated the seroprevalence of RVFPV among domestic ruminants and African buffaloes from 7 of 10 provinces of Mozambique, to understand the distribution of RVFPV and provide data for further RVF control programs. Materials and methods: A total of 1581 blood samples were collected in cattle, 1117 in goats, 85 in sheep and 69 in African buffaloes, between 2013 and 2014, and the obtained sera were analyzed by ELISA. Results and discussion: The overall seroprevalence of RVFPV domestic ruminants and African buffaloes was 25.6%. The highest was observed in cattle (37.3%) and African buffaloes (30.4%), which were higher than in previous studies within Mozambique. In south and central regions, the overall seroprevalences were higher (14.9%–62.4%) than in the north. Conclusion: This study showed the presence of anti-RVFPV antibodies in animals from all sampled provinces, suggesting that RVFPV is actively circulating among domestic ruminants and African buffaloes in Mozambique, therefore surveillance should be intensified.

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“…[24,25] The RVF virus has caused intermittent outbreaks in domestic and wildlife ruminant species and humans in SA. [26][27][28][29] The most recent outbreak in this country over the 4-year period 2008 -2011 concluded with 25 deaths among 302 laboratory-confirmed cases from all nine provinces (although most were from the Free State and Northern Cape). [28] RVF virus infection is typically asymptomatic or mild, manifesting as a febrile, flu-like syndrome with headache, nausea, myalgia and arthralgia.…”

Section: The Bunyavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral haemorrhagic fevers in South Africa

Richards

Weyer

Blumberg³

2015

S Afr Med J

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Outbreak of Rift Valley fever affecting veterinarians and farmers in South Africa, 2008

Cited by 76 publications

References 16 publications

Enemies and turncoats: bovine tuberculosis exposes pathogenic potential of Rift Valley fever virus in a common host, African buffalo ( Syncerus caffer )

Enemies and turncoats: bovine tuberculosis exposes pathogenic potential of Rift Valley fever virus in a common host, African buffalo ( Syncerus caffer )

High seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus in domestic ruminants and African Buffaloes in Mozambique shows need for intensified surveillance

Viral haemorrhagic fevers in South Africa

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