Outbreak of Multi-drug Resistant Salmonella Typhi Enteric Fever in Mumbai Garrison

Misra, Rabindra Nath; Bawa, KS; Magu, SK; Bhandari, Sudhir; Nagendra, A; Pk, Menon

doi:10.1016/s0377-1237(05)80011-5

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, and ampicillin, was noted in 79.1% of S. enterica serotype typhi/paratyphi in present study. The results are comparable to previous studies which have reported 80-90% (Hatta 2008) and100% (Misra 2005). The increased drug resistance results from the exploitation of drug use by chemist, druggist, quacks, and paramedics and more over by patients himself as self medication.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Drug Resistance Patterns of Salmonellae Enterica Serotype Typhi and Paratyphi at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Sindh, Pakistan

Khoharo¹,

Memon²,

Sahastrabuddhe³

et al. 2014

JMED

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The present study was conducted to evaluate drug resistance patterns of salmonella enterica serotype typhi and paratyphi in enteric fever.This study is an observational study.The place of this study is the Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital and the duration from June 2012 to March 2013.A sample of sixty seven patients was selected according to clinical and laboratory criteria. Venous blood samples of 5-10 ml were collected from antecubital veins and inoculated on blood culture bottles. Subcultures were also performed. Drug sensitivity patterns of salmonellae were tested according to standard method. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 21.0. using appropriate statistical testing.Of sixty seven, 41(61.1%) were male and 26 (38.8%) female. The male to female ratio was 1.57:1. The mean age of subjects was 43±7.5 years. Salmonella enterica serotype typhi was isolated from 60 (89.5%), salmonellae enterica serotype typhi and salmonellae enterica serotype paratyphi A and B were found in 3 (4.4%) and 4 (5.9%) respectively. The Widal test yielded antibody O titers of ≥1:160 and <1:160 in 57 (85%) and 10 (14.9%) respectively. The typhidot test was positive in 65 (97.5%) of patients. The multidrug resistance to first line drugs was observed in 53 (79.1%). Least drug resistance was found for cefixime 2 (2.7%) and highest for the chloramphenicol 56 (83.6%).The present study observed drug resistant and multi-drug resistant S,. enterica serotype typhi and S,. enterica serotype paratyphi A and B.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Drug Resistance Patterns of Salmonellae Enterica Serotype Typhi and Paratyphi at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Sindh, Pakistan

Khoharo¹,

Memon²,

Sahastrabuddhe³

et al. 2014

JMED

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“…These include -high degree of resistance to chloramphenicol (56.6%), ampicillin (40%), amikacin (50%), gentamicin (43.3%), ampicillin (40%), cotrimoxazole (33.3%), and cephalexin 30% with very low resistance to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime (6.6% each), and 100% sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, from Rajasthan [6], resistance to chloramphenicol and sensitivity to ciprofloxacin from Mumbai [7], 80% of isolates showing resistance to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole along with 100% sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone from Ahmedabad [8], and high resistance to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin from Mangalore [9]. Amidst these, there have been reports of reemergence of sensitivity in Salmonella enterica serovar typhi to chloramphenicol and other first line drugs [4,[10][11][12][13], giving us a reason to analyse and report our data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reemergence of Chloramphenicol Sensitivity in Enteric Fever

Bhatia

Mathur

Arora

2007

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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Background: Enteric fever is a global health problem and rapidly developing resistance to various drugs makes the situation more alarming. Drug sensitivity in Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A isolated from 45 blood culture positive cases of enteric fever was tested to determine in-vitro susceptibility pattern of prevalent strains in northern India. Methods: Strains isolated from 45 blood culture positive cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever over a period of three years were studied and their sensitivity patterns to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, nalidixic acid, amikacin and ofloxacin were analysed. Results: Our results show a high sensitivity of both Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (96%) and Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A (100%) to chloramphenicol. Sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and amikacin was 88% and 84% respectively. All the isolates were sensitive to ofloxacin, nalidixic acid and ceftriaxone. Sensitivity of Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A was 100% to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, nalidixic acid and ceftriaxone, 95% to amikacin and 30% to ampicillin. Overall 44 out of 45 isolates of Salmonellae were sensitive to chloramphenicol. Conclusion: These findings suggest changing pattern of antibiotic resistance in enteric fever with reemergence of chloramphenicol sensitivity in northern India. MJAFI 2007; 63 : 212-214

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“…Several studies from different parts of India have reported the development of resistance of S. Typhi to various antibiotics [7,8]. In the central west parts of India, fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins are the mainstay of treatment for typhoid fever [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-emergence of susceptibility to conventionally used drugs among strains of Salmonella Typhi in central west India

Kumar

Sharma

Mani

2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a global health problem causing high morbidity and mortality, especially in endemic areas such as India. The problem is exacerbated as the causative agent, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), rapidly develops resistance to drugs used in treatment. However, non-responsiveness of S. Typhi to quinolones has been reported simultaneously with the re-emergence of susceptibility to chloramphenicol. The present study investigates the re-emergence of sensitivity to conventionally used drugs among strains of S. Typhi in the central west part of India. Methodology: We evaluated 128 S. Typhi isolates received at the National Salmonella and Escherichia Centre for chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim susceptibility using standard methods. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were also evaluated. Results: The proportion of S. Typhi isolates showing susceptibility to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim was 95.3%, 94.5%, and 94.5%, respectively. These findings may help the health authorities in reconsidering the addition of these antimicrobial drugs into the treatment regime of typhoid fever and therefore may help combat the problem of increasing resistance to quinolones and cephalosporins. Conclusion: The changing trends of S. Typhi resistance patterns necessitate reconsideration of conventionally used drugs in typhoid fever treatment in India. In the present study, S. Typhi strains exhibited increased susceptibility toward chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim, therefore suggesting the possibility of their use for treatment of typhoid fever.

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Outbreak of Multi-drug Resistant Salmonella Typhi Enteric Fever in Mumbai Garrison

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Drug Resistance Patterns of Salmonellae Enterica Serotype Typhi and Paratyphi at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Sindh, Pakistan

Drug Resistance Patterns of Salmonellae Enterica Serotype Typhi and Paratyphi at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Sindh, Pakistan

Reemergence of Chloramphenicol Sensitivity in Enteric Fever

Re-emergence of susceptibility to conventionally used drugs among strains of Salmonella Typhi in central west India

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