Outbreak of Human Infection with<i>Sarcocystis nesbitti</i>, Malaysia, 2012

AbuBakar, Sazaly; Teoh, Boon‐Teong; Sam, Sing‐Sin; Chang, Li-Yen; Johari, Jefree; Hooi, Poh Sim; Lakhbeer-Singh, Harvinder-Kaur; Italiano, Claire M.; Omar, Sharifah Faridah Syed; Wong, Kum-Thong; Ramli, Norlisah; Tan, Chee Keong

doi:10.3201/eid1912.120530

Cited by 53 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The 18S rDNA sequences of Sarcocystis from these patients varied 1% from each other, and a BLAST analysis found that they shared 99% homology with S. nesbitti from the muscle of M. fascicularis (26). Another report also identified a patient with sarcocysts in the temporalis muscle and another with sarcocysts in a leg muscle, for which DNA sequences matched 100% of those for S. nesbitti in the clade with S. atheridis (25). Still another study (27) reported the same 18S rDNA findings as those reported by AbuBakar et al (25) and Tian et al (34).…”

Section: Species Infecting Humansmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Another report also identified a patient with sarcocysts in the temporalis muscle and another with sarcocysts in a leg muscle, for which DNA sequences matched 100% of those for S. nesbitti in the clade with S. atheridis (25). Still another study (27) reported the same 18S rDNA findings as those reported by AbuBakar et al (25) and Tian et al (34). The 18S rDNA sequence from the muscle biopsy specimen of a patient who had visited Tioman Island in Malaysia also showed 100% homology with the S. nesbitti gene sequence reported under GenBank accession number HF544323 (28).…”

Section: Species Infecting Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Infections with Sarcocystis Species

2015

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SUMMARY Recurrent outbreaks of muscular sarcocystosis among tourists visiting islands in Malaysia have focused international attention on sarcocystosis, a disease once considered rare in humans. Sarcocystis species require two hosts, definitive and intermediate, to complete their life cycle. Humans can serve as definitive hosts, with intestinal sarcocystosis for two species acquired from eating undercooked meat: Sarcocystis hominis , from beef, and Sarcocystis suihominis , from pork. Symptoms such as nausea, stomachache, and diarrhea vary widely depending on the number of cysts ingested but appear more severe with pork than with beef. Humans serve as intermediate hosts for Sarcocystis nesbitti , a species with a reptilian definitive host, and possibly other unidentified species, acquired by ingesting sporocysts from feces-contaminated food or water and the environment; infections have an early phase of development in vascular endothelium, with illness that is difficult to diagnose; clinical signs include fever, headache, and myalgia. Subsequent development of intramuscular cysts is characterized by myositis. Presumptive diagnosis based on travel history to tropical regions, elevated serum enzyme levels, and eosinophilia is confirmed by finding sarcocysts in muscle biopsy specimens. There is no vaccine or confirmed effective antiparasitic drug for muscular sarcocystosis, but anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce symptoms. Prevention strategies are also discussed.

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Section: Species Infecting Humansmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Species Infecting Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Infections with Sarcocystis Species

2015

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“…Some of these parasites are responsible for important zoonotic diseases; including emerging and re-emerging infections. One such zoonotic parasite is Sarcocystis species cause intestinal and muscular sarcocystosis in humans (Dissanaike 1994;Fayer 2004;Makhija 2012;Abubakar et al 2013;Tappe et al 2013). This parasite has an indirect life cycle, cycling between a definitive and an intermediate host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First detection of acalculous cholecystitis associated with Sarcocystis infection in a patient with AIDS

Agholi

Heidarian

Moghadami

et al. 2014

Acta Parasitologica

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Acalculous cholecystitis and cholangitis are increasingly being recognized as complications of AIDS. The opportunistic parasites that have been most commonly associated with these disorders are Cryptosporidium species, Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi. The authors performed a parasitological survey on the gallbladder tissue sections of patients underwent cholecystectomy due to chronic acalculous cholecystitis at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Light microscopic investigation in more than three hundred archived histopathological slides revealed the presence of sexual stages (i.e., mature sporocysts) of a coccidial protozoan in a patient with AIDS who developed acalculous cholecystitis as confirmed by histological, parasitological and molecular tests in which Sarcocystis species was the only identifiable pathogen in gallbladder sections. In the best of our knowledge it's the first documented case of chronic non-calculous cholecystitis due to Sarcocystis parasite in an Iranian AIDS patient from worldwide.

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“…Also supported by the prevalence studies in Malaysia (25,29), this indicates that the indigenous population is at substantial risk of contracting disease. In addition, an outbreak of muscular sarcocystosis was observed in 89 Malayan college students who visited Pangkor Island (38). Little is known about the risk factors associated with acquiring muscular sarcocystosis.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Clinical Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptoms of muscular sarcocystosis include acute fever, myalgias, myositis, vasculitis, bronchospasm, and pruritic rashes (3,5,6,37,38). Muscular sarcocystosis has also been associated with nonspecific rheumatic diseases associated with myositis (39).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Clinical Significancementioning

confidence: 99%