Outbreak of enterovirus 71 infection in Victoria, Australia, with a high incidence of neurologic involvement

Gilbert, Gwendolyn L.; Dickson, Kaye E.; Waters, M. Colin; Kennett, Margery L.; Land, Sally; Sneddon, Margaret

doi:10.1097/00006454-198807000-00007

Cited by 233 publications

(124 citation statements)

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“…Most HFMD patients were very young children (<4 years of age) with the peak incidence at 1 year, a finding consistent with other HFMD outbreaks (7,9,22,23). Male patients outnumbered female patients by 1.7 to 1.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Epidemic Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Caused by Human Enterovirus 71, Singapore

Chan

Goh

Chong

et al. 2003

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

188

156

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Singapore experienced a large epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in 2000. After reviewing HFMD notifications from doctors and child-care centers, we found that the incidence of HFMD rose in September and declined at the end of October. During this period, 3,790 cases were reported. We performed enteroviral cultures on 311 and 157 specimens from 175 HFMD patients and 107 non-HFMD patients, respectively; human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) was the most frequently isolated virus from both groups. Most of the HFMD patients were <4 years of age. Three HFMD and two non-HFMD patients died. Specimens from two HFMD and both non-HFMD patients were culture positive for HEV71; a third HFMD patient was possibly associated with the virus. Autopsies performed on all three HFMD and one of the non-HFMD case-patients showed encephalitis, interstitial pneumonitis, and myocarditis. A preparedness plan for severe HFMD outbreaks provided for the prompt, coordinated actions needed to control the epidemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Epidemic Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Caused by Human Enterovirus 71, Singapore

Chan

Goh

Chong

et al. 2003

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

188

156

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“…Large EV-71-associated HFMD outbreaks have been reported in the United States, Europe, Australia, and Asia and constitute a significant and emerging threat to global public health (9,50,62,63). Although EV-71 infection manifests most frequently as a mild, self-limited febrile illness characterized by papulovesicular lesions on the hands, feet, oropharyngeal mucosa, and buttocks, a small proportion of acute infections are associated with fatal neurological symptoms, including brain stem encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, and poliomyelitis-like paralysis (4,28,47). Such cases of neurological disease with a high case fatality rate were first reported in Bulgaria in 1975 (21) and Hungary in 1978 (52).…”

Section: Human Enterovirus 71 (Ev-71) Is One Of the Major Etiologic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Genetics of Human Enterovirus 71: Origin, Population Dynamics, Natural Selection, and Seasonal Periodicity of the VP1 Gene

Tee

Lam

Chan

et al. 2010

J Virol

202

196

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Human enterovirus 71 (EV-71) is one of the major etiologic causes of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) among young children worldwide, with fatal instances of neurological complications becoming increasingly common. Global VP1 capsid sequences (n ‫؍‬ 628) sampled over 4 decades were collected and subjected to comprehensive evolutionary analysis using a suite of phylogenetic and population genetic methods. We

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“…10 Most of the severe or fatal cases occurred in children under 3 years of age and were associated with EV71 infection. 11,12 In addition to the pain and suffering of children, these EV71-associated events resulted in increased medical expenses, lost productivity, and other costs to society while significantly impacting social and economic development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%